Kidney
is one organ of the human body are included in the excretory system, other
organs of the excretory system are the heart, lungs, and skin.In medicine the
kidneys called ‘ren’ (renal / kidney). Shaped like a kidney bean, numbered pair
and is located in the waist area. The size is approximately 11x 6x 3 cm. It
weighs between 120-170 grams.Kidney structure consists of: leather kidney
(cortex), kidney marrow (medulla) and renal cavity (pelvis). In the skin there
are millions of nephrons kidney that functions as a blood filter. Each nephron
is composed of the Board of Malpighi and the channel length (tubules) that
curled.
Kidney Function
1. Filter and clean the blood of
substances the body metabolism
2. Excrete excessive amounts of
substances
3. Reabsorption (re-absorption)
of certain electrolytes conducted by the renal tubules
4. Keeping keseimbanganan
acid-base in the human body
5. Hormones produce substances
that contribute to form and mature red blood cells (SDM) in the bone marrow.
Urine Formation Process
The kidneys play a role in the
formation of urine that occurs through a series of processes, ie filtering,
absorption and re-augmentation.
1. Filtering (filtration)
The process of urine formation
begins with the filtration of blood that occurs in the glomerular capillaries.
Glomerular capillary cells are porous (podosit), pressure and high permeability
in the glomerulus facilitate the screening process.In addition to filtering,
also occurred in the re-absorption glomelurus blood cells, platelets, and most
of the plasma proteins.The result is called the glomerular filtration
glomerolus filtrate or primary urine, containing amino acids, glucose, sodium,
potassium, and other salts
2. Re-absorption (reabsorption)
The materials are still needed in
the urine will pimer reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule, distal
convoluted tubules while the addition of substances and residual urea.
Pervasive substance in these
tubules in two ways. Sugars and amino acids seep through diffusion events,
while the water through osmosis events. Water absorption occurs in the proximal
tubule and distal tubule.
Substances that are needed such
as glucose and amino acids returned to the blood. Substance ammonia, drugs such
as penicillin, excess salt and other materials in the filtrate removed with
urine.
After the tubular reabsorption of
the secondary will produce urine, substances that are needed will not be found
again. In contrast, the concentration of substances that are toxic waste
products increases, such as urea.
3. Augmentation
Augmentation is the process of
adding the waste and urea from the distal convoluted tubule happening.
Of renal tubule-tububulus, urine
will head kidney cavity, next to the bladder through the bile duct. If you have
a full bladder contains urine, the bladder wall will be depressed so that the
resulting feeling the urge to urinate. Urine will come out through the urethra.
The composition of urine is
expelled through the urethra is water, salt, urea and the rest of other
substances, such as bile pigment that gives color and smell function in urine.
Abnormalities in the kidneys such
as kidney failure and kidney stones.
1. Kidney Failure
Kidney failure is a kidney
disorder in which the kidneys are unable to function properly the filter and
clean the blood of metabolic waste substances.
Among the causes of kidney
failure caused by:
1. Eating fatty foods
2. High blood cholesterol
3. Lack of exercise
4. Smoking, and
5. Drinking alcoholic beverages.
Overcoming Kidney Failure
Advancement of science, allowing
renal function replaced. Replacement of Renal function is known as Replacement
Therapy (RRT) or renal replacement therapy (TPG).
There are two ways of TPG, the
transplant / kidney transplant and dialysis / dialysis.
Dialysis / dialysis can be
divided into:
1. HD (hemodialysis), dialysis
with the help of machines
2. PD (peritoneal dialysis),
dialysis through abdominal cavity
3. Kidney Stones
Urine contains many minerals and
other chemicals. Urine not necessarily dissolve all that. If we are not
drinking or stop urinating frequently, these minerals can precipitate out and
form kidney stones.
Kidney stones are crystals that
look like stones that form in the kidneys. The crystals are going to get
together and each attaches to the formation of “stones”. If urinary tract
stones clog the kidneys and bladder, urinary tract similar to humans because
strong kink the hose will withstand the urine can not get out. It would cause
great pain.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar