tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14451371451815075852024-03-12T20:35:23.832-07:00Destika Erna PuspitaDo not complain about your problem. If you feel your burden more SERIOUS than the others, it was because God saw more POWERFUL than others.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-57008872837362044522016-05-21T03:06:00.000-07:002016-05-25T03:31:04.524-07:00Intip Keindahan Indonesia dengan Oppo F1 Plus<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ringan , Nyaman dan Elegan tiga kata yang
menggambarkan Oppo F1 Plus. Oppo F1 Plus hadir dengan desain elegan yang
dipercantik oleh balutan warna yang mewah yaitu warna white, gold dan rose
gold.Oppo F1 Plus memiliki bodi full metal dengan rasio mencapai 98.02% dari
seluruh material metal yang dipakainya. Selain itu bezel smartphone ini hanya
berukuran 1.66 mm dan memakai layar kaca 2.5D yang membuatnya semakin premium.
Oppo F1 Plus ini memiliki ukuran dimensi panjang 151.8 mm , lebar 74.3 mm dan
ketebalan 6.6 mm. Untuk berat keseluruhan F1 Plus yaitu 145 gram. Oppo F1 Plus
didesain secara sempurna dengan mengedepankan sisi kenyamanan penggunanya. Oppo
F1 Plus hadir dengan layar jenis IPS LCD ukuran layar 5,5 inci dengan resolusi
FullHD 1080 x 1920 pixels dan kerapatan mencapai 401 ppi. Oppo F1 Plus
mengandalkan kombinasi kerja dari Chipset Mediatek Helio P10 yang berpadu
dengan processor Octa Core berkecepatan 2.0 GHz Cortex-A53. Kolaborasi
tangguh tersebut dilengkapi dengan kapasitas RAM 4 GB, sehingga untuk kinerja
multitasking juga akan berjalan lancar. Oppo F1 Plus juga mengandalkan GPU
Mali-T860MP sebagai pengolah grafis yang dipercaya untuk pengolahan grafis
dengan hasil visualisasi yang bagus pada saat menjalankan game atau pemutaran
video. Untuk bagian software Oppo F1 Plus melengkapinya dengan sistem
operasi Android Lollipop 5.1 yang memiliki antarmuka colorOS 3.0.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Oppo F1 Plus juga dibekali memori internal dengan kapasitas 64 GB, Oppo F1 Plus juga masih menyediakan ruang tambahan berupa memori eksternal dengna kapasitas maksimal 128 GB. Hanya saja untuk penggunaan microSD pada Oppo F1 Plus masih opsional pada slot SIM 2. Oppo F1 Plus juga tidak meninggalkan fitur-fitur fotografi modern. Salah satu yang menjadi kebutuhan bagi pengguna di era ini adalah media dokumentasi. Saat ini tidak jarang pengguna yang mengandalkan aktivitas fotografi dengan menggunakan kamera pada ponsel pintarnya. Untuk hal tersebut Oppo F1 Plus dibekali dengan dua buah kamera yaitu Kamera utama berukuran 13 MP yang lengkap bersama fitur apertur f2/2, phase-detection autofocus dan juga LED flash. Dengan kamera tersebut pengguna dapat mengambil gambar dengan hasil gambar yang memuasakan atau juga bisa melakukan perekaman video dengan kualitas FullHD 1080p. Kamera sekunder yang berukuran 16 MP lengkap dengan fitur f2/0, dan 1/4 sensor size. Kamera ini mampu menangkap cahaya 4 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan kamera depan pada umumnya. Oppo juga membekali nya dengan teknologi Beautify 4.0 yang bisa dipaki untuk mencerahkan kulit dan menghilangkan noda wajah. Fitur selfie panorama dan screen flash juga melengkapi kamera Oppo F1 Plus ini. Untuk lebih jelasnya kunjungi </span><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 400ms, 400ms; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; transition-duration: 400ms, 400ms;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://bit.ly/OPPO_F1Plus" style="-webkit-transition-duration: 400ms, 400ms; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt; transition-duration: 400ms, 400ms;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/OPPO_F1Plus</a></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Abadikan momen
indahmu dengan Oppo F1 Plus #SelF1eXpert Senyum Untuk Indonesia</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">Alun-alun Wates Kulon Progo Yogyakarta, 31 Oktober
2015)</span></b><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UdBboTs3-UI/V0AsamvvOkI/AAAAAAAAA1s/IQIxJbTqH54QqVxGheqSj1Hn4H6GN2qywCLcB/s1600/IMG_20151214_150037.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UdBboTs3-UI/V0AsamvvOkI/AAAAAAAAA1s/IQIxJbTqH54QqVxGheqSj1Hn4H6GN2qywCLcB/s320/IMG_20151214_150037.jpg" width="320" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">( Waduk Sermo Kulon Progo Yogyakarta, 14 Maret 2016 )</span></b></span><br />
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<b style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">( Kedung Pedut Kulon Progo Yogyakarta, 16 Mei 2016 )</span></span></b></div>
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<b style="text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4zdBlnFi_hQ/V0AsZ9_L7_I/AAAAAAAAA1k/ZrjKpmtZ1_khhdr3GRYi2tUNGSaxavJ7gCKgB/s1600/Screenshot_20160519_131639.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="314" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4zdBlnFi_hQ/V0AsZ9_L7_I/AAAAAAAAA1k/ZrjKpmtZ1_khhdr3GRYi2tUNGSaxavJ7gCKgB/s320/Screenshot_20160519_131639.jpg" width="320" /></a> <b><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 12.2666673660278px;">( Malioboro Yogykarta, 18 Februari 2016 )</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 12.2666673660278px;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><i> </i><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">( Malioboro Yogyakarta, 18 Februari 2016 )<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></b></span><br />
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<b>( Candi Prambanan Yogyakarta , 04 Februari 2016 )</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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Candi Prambanan Yogyakarta 20 April 2016 )</b></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--2T7MI36zvo/V0AsbwuZZLI/AAAAAAAAA2E/xTfDr8yey9wk-u4GQJNQBRsjIYRjSbH6gCKgB/s1600/IMG_20160206_201246.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: times, 'times new roman', serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--2T7MI36zvo/V0AsbwuZZLI/AAAAAAAAA2E/xTfDr8yey9wk-u4GQJNQBRsjIYRjSbH6gCKgB/s320/IMG_20160206_201246.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><b><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">( Taman Lampion Monjali Yogyakarta, 06 Februari 2016 )</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7n_mk1TX3rs/V0AuNXTffaI/AAAAAAAAA2c/gRtB6wnnXKEQ_kBs0zzueTyKwBX877LSQCLcB/s1600/Screenshot_20160518_142513.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7n_mk1TX3rs/V0AuNXTffaI/AAAAAAAAA2c/gRtB6wnnXKEQ_kBs0zzueTyKwBX877LSQCLcB/s320/Screenshot_20160518_142513.jpg" width="286" /></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sp6AQ2QpCdQ/V0AuNb0BVdI/AAAAAAAAA2Y/gtcsG5M4iXs0Vs1QT3LXFDmC-je5MZ4RQCLcB/s1600/Screenshot_20160518_142648.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sp6AQ2QpCdQ/V0AuNb0BVdI/AAAAAAAAA2Y/gtcsG5M4iXs0Vs1QT3LXFDmC-je5MZ4RQCLcB/s320/Screenshot_20160518_142648.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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2016 )</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0oaGOhRU9xI/V0AuNTqIbbI/AAAAAAAAA2U/z-Q4ppjXvDw8KqSiH6CA0S8oj07n8jjnQCKgB/s1600/Screenshot_20160518_184635.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0oaGOhRU9xI/V0AuNTqIbbI/AAAAAAAAA2U/z-Q4ppjXvDw8KqSiH6CA0S8oj07n8jjnQCKgB/s320/Screenshot_20160518_184635.jpg" width="275" /></a></span><b style="font-family: times, 'times new roman', serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">(Nol Kilometer Malioboro Yogyakarta, 18 Mei 2016 )</span></b></div>
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<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Oppo
F1 Plus menggunakan baterai berdaya 2850 mah. Selain memiliki kapasitas baterai
yang besar Oppo F1 Plus juga dibekali dengan fitur VOOC Flash Charge yang mampu
mempercepat pengisian daya baterai. Oppo F1 Plus juga dilengkapi dengan
kelengkapan teknologi konektivitas terbaik yaitu 4G LTE. Kehadiran koneksi
4G LTE, yang menjadi koneksi paling cepat saat ini, sudah bisa pengguna nikmati
pada smartphone ini. Mengandalkan teknologi LTE, pengguna bisa melakukan
download dengan kecepatan 150 Mbps. Sementara itu, untuk keperluan upload
speddnya mencapai 50 Mbps. Oppo F1 Plus juga menyediakan fitur koneksi nirkabel
untuk keperluan transfer data. Pada smartphone ini terdapat fitur Bluetooth
versi 4.0 yang bisa mentransfer data secara lebih cepat tanpa menguras daya.
Atau juga bisa memanfaatkan microUSB v2.0 yang juga mampu melakukan transfer
data lebih cepat. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Oppo
F1 Plus diklaim memiliki sensor fingerprint yang paling cepat membaca untuk
saat ini, kecepatannya yaitu 0,02 detik. Sensor sidik jari ini selain untuk
membuka locksreen juga bisa digunakan untuk mengamankan aplikasi atau file-file
pribadi yang dikehendaki pada smartphone pengguna. Silahkan kunjungi <span style="background: white; color: #2a95be;"><a href="http://www.oppo.com/id/smartphone-f1-plus/" target="_blank">http://www.oppo.com/id/smartphone-f1-plus/</a> </span>atau youtube </span><span style="color: #00b0f0; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S64FgEmcj1c" style="-webkit-transition-duration: 400ms, 400ms; box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 400ms, 400ms;" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: #00b0f0; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S64FgEmcj1c</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-25192471166863643222013-06-21T00:16:00.001-07:002013-06-21T00:16:20.497-07:00contoh kartun bunga<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zvw_tjJdUec/UcP9clsQkPI/AAAAAAAAAKc/luxGzEJHERM/s1600/bunga.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zvw_tjJdUec/UcP9clsQkPI/AAAAAAAAAKc/luxGzEJHERM/s320/bunga.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Special sunflower for you in there..:P</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-61637781817264702482013-03-14T01:31:00.002-07:002013-03-31T23:25:18.257-07:00 live while we're young<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="background-color: #ead1dc; clear: both; color: #000608; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">Liam Payne:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #ead1dc; color: #000608; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Hey girl, I'm waitin' on ya, I'm waitin' on ya</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Come on and let me sneak you out</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And have a celebration, a celebration</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">The music up, the window's down</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Zayn Malik:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Yeah, we'll be doing what we do</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Just pretending that we're cool</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And we know it too</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Yeah, we'll keep doing what we do</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Just pretending that we're cool</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">So tonight</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Chorus:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Let's go crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">I know we only met but let's pretend it's love</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And never, never, never stop for anyone</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Tonight let's get some</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Oh oh oh oh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Oh oh oh oh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Woahhh oh oh oh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Tonight let's get some</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Harry Styles:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Zayn Malik:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Hey girl, it's now or never, it's now or never</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Don't over-think, just let it go</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And if we get together, yeah, get together</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Don't let the pictures leave your phone, ohhhh</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Niall Horan:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Yeah, we'll be doing what we do</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Just pretending that we're cool</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">So tonight</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Chorus:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Let's go crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">I know we only met but let's pretend it's love</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And never, never, never stop for anyone</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Tonight let's get some</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Woahhh oh oh oh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Woahhhh oh oh oh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Woahhh oh oh oh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Tonight let's get some</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Harry Styles:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Zayn Malik:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And girl, you and I, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">We're 'bout to make some memories tonight</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Louis Tomlinson:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">I wanna live while we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">We wanna live while we're young</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Chorus:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Let's go crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">I know we only met but let's pretend it's love</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And never, never, never stop for anyone</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Tonight let's get some</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">I know we only met but let's pretend it's love</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And never, never, never stop for anyone</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Tonight let's get some</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Wanna live, wanna live, wanna live</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Come on, younnngg</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Wanna live, wanna live, wanna live</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">While we're young</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Wanna live, wanna live, wanna live</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Harry Styles:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Tonight let's get some</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">Zayn Malik:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #332753; font-family: Neucha; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; text-align: center;">And live while we're young</span><span style="background-color: #ead1dc; color: #000608; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px;"> </span><br />
<br />
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<span style="background-color: #ead1dc; color: #000608; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-49536614791583797572013-03-11T00:41:00.000-07:002013-03-11T00:41:16.701-07:00Bilangan Biner<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Sebagai
contoh dari bilangan desimal, untuk angka 157:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">157</span><sub><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(10)</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= (1 x 100) + (5 x 10) + (7 x 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Perhatikan!
bilangan desimal ini sering juga disebut basis 10. Hal ini dikarenakan
perpangkatan 10 yang didapat dari 10</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">,
10</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, 10</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">,
dst. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengenal
Konsep Bilangan Biner dan Desimal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Perbedaan
mendasar dari metoda biner dan desimal adalah berkenaan dengan basis. Jika
desimal berbasis 10 (X</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">10</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">) berpangkatkan 10</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">x</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, maka untuk bilangan biner
berbasiskan 2 (X</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">) menggunakan perpangkatan 2</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">x</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">. Sederhananya perhatikan contoh di
bawah ini!</span><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<br /><o:p></o:p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk Desimal:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">14</span><sub><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(10)</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= (1 x 10</span><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">)
+ (4 x 10</span><sup><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">0</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= 10 + 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= 14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk Biner:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1110</span><sub><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(2)</span></sub><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= (1 x 2</span><sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">3</span></sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">) + (1 x 2</span><sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">2</span></sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">) + (1 x 2</span><sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">1</span></sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">) + (0 x 2</span><sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">0</span></sup><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= 8 + 4 + 2 + 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= 14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bentuk umum
dari bilangan biner dan bilangan desimal adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Biner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">11111111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Desimal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">128<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">64<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">255<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pangkat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>6</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>4</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>2</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">X<sup>1-7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sekarang
kita balik lagi ke contoh soal di atas! </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Darimana kita dapatkan angka desimal
14</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">(10) </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">menjadi angka biner 1110</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">(2)</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mari kita lihat lagi pada bentuk umumnya!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Biner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">00001110<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Desimal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Pangkat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>6</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>4</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>2</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">X<sup>1-7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Mari kita telusuri perlahan-lahan!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pertama sekali,
kita jumlahkan angka pada desimal sehingga menjadi 14. anda lihat angka-angka
yang menghasilkan angka 14 adalah 8, 4, dan 2!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Untuk angka-angka yang membentuk angka 14 (lihat angka
yang diarsir), diberi tanda biner “1”, selebihnya diberi tanda “0”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sehingga kalau dibaca dari kanan, angka desimal 14 akan
menjadi 00001110 (terkadang dibaca 1110) pada angka biner nya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengubah
Angka Biner ke Desimal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Perhatikan
contoh!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1. 11001101</span><sub><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(2)</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Biner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">11001101<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Desimal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">128<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">64<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 auto; mso-shading: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">205<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pangkat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>6</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>4</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>2</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">X<sup>1-7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Note:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Angka desimal 205 didapat dari penjumlahan angka yang di
arsir (128+64+8+4+1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Setiap biner yang bertanda “1” akan dihitung, sementara
biner yang bertanda “0” tidak dihitung, alias “0” juga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2. 00111100</span><sub><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(2)<o:p></o:p></span></sub></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Biner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">00111100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pangkat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>6</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.25pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>4</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>2</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.3pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">X<sup>1-7</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mengubah
Angka Desimal ke Biner<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Untuk
mengubah angka desimal menjadi angka biner digunakan metode pembagian dengan
angka 2 sambil memperhatikan sisanya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Perhatikan contohnya!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1. 205</span><sub><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(10)<o:p></o:p></span></sub></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">205 : 2 =
102 sisa 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">102 : 2 =
51 sisa 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">51 : 2 =
25 sisa 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">25 : 2 =
12 sisa 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">12 : 2 =
6 sisa 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">6 : 2 =
3 sisa 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3 : 2 =
1 sisa 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> sebagai sisa
akhir “1”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Note:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Untuk menuliskan notasi binernya, pembacaan dilakukan
dari bawah yang berarti 11001101</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">(2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2. 60</span><sub><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(10)<o:p></o:p></span></sub></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">60 : 2 =
30 sisa 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">30 : 2 =
15 sisa 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">15 : 2 =
7 sisa 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">7 : 2 =
3 sisa 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3 : 2 =
1 sisa 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> sebagai sisa
akhir “1”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Note:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Dibaca dari bawah menjadi 111100</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">(2)
</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">atau lazimnya dituliskan dengan 00111100</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">(2)</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">. Ingat
bentuk umumnnya mengacu untuk 8 digit! Kalau 111100 (ini 6 digit) menjadi
00111100 (ini sudah 8 digit).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Aritmatika Biner<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pada bagian ini akan membahas penjumlahan dan pengurangan
biner. Perkalian biner adalah pengulangan dari penjumlahan; dan juga akan
membahas pengurangan biner berdasarkan ide atau gagasan komplemen. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Penjumlahan Biner<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Penjumlahan biner tidak begitu beda jauh dengan
penjumlahan desimal. Perhatikan contoh penjumlahan desimal antara 167 dan 235!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> 1 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> 7 + 5 = 12, tulis “2” di bawah dan angkat “1” ke atas!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">167<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">235<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">---- +<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">402<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Seperti bilangan desimal, bilangan biner juga dijumlahkan
dengan cara yang sama. Pertama-tama yang harus dicermati adalah aturan pasangan
digit biner berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0 + 0 = 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0 + 1 = 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1 + 1 = 0 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">dan
menyimpan 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">sebagai catatan </span></i><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">bahwa jumlah dua
yang terakhir adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1 + 1 + 1 = 1</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> dengan
menyimpan 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span lang="FI">Dengan hanya
menggunakan penjumlahan-penjumlahan di atas, kita dapat melakukan penjumlahan
biner seperti ditunjukkan di bawah ini:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1 1111 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IT;">“simpanan 1” ingat kembali aturan di atas!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">01011011 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: DE;">bilangan
biner untuk 91<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">01001110 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: DE;">bilangan
biner untuk 78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">------------ +<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">10101001 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: DE;">Jumlah
dari 91 + 78 = 169<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-68575946673446684182013-03-11T00:37:00.001-07:002013-03-11T00:37:11.519-07:00function menu on coreldraw X3<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
A. Menu Bar<br />
The menu bar is a row of menu that displays the commands that are used to organize and process objects. Each menu has a submenu and commands. In this module described sub-submenu function is often used in CorelDraw X3 graphics processing hardware.<br />
<br />
<br />
1. File<br />
• New: Creates a new worksheet<br />
• New From Template: Create a worksheet from a template<br />
• Open: Opens a saved worksheet<br />
• Close: Closes the worksheet<br />
• Close All: Closes all worksheet pages<br />
• Save: Save the worksheet<br />
• Save As: Saves a new worksheet or by any other name<br />
• Import: Insert the object from another file (not Corel) into a worksheet<br />
• Export: Sending a file to another worksheet (not Corel)<br />
• Export Office: Sending worksheet to Ms. Office<br />
• Send To: Send the worksheet to the desktop, mail, my document<br />
• Print: Print a worksheet<br />
• Print Preview: See the worksheet to print<br />
• Print Setup: Set worksheet to print<br />
• Publish To Web: Making Web files<br />
• Publish To PDF: Making pdf file<br />
• Recent Files: Open a file that has been opened<br />
• Document Info: Information worksheet<br />
• Exit: Exit the program CorelDRAW X3<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<br />
2. Edit<br />
• Undo: Go back to the previous state<br />
• Redo: Go to the following conditions<br />
• Cut: Cut an object or text<br />
• Copy: Copy an object or text<br />
• Paste: Putting the copy or paste<br />
• Insert Barcode: barcode Inserting a worksheet<br />
• Insert New Object: Inserting new objects<br />
• Properties: Displays the description of the object.<br />
<br />
3. View<br />
• Full-Screen Preview: Displays a worksheet on the screen in full<br />
• Guidelines: Displays help lines<br />
• Grid: Displays a grid (boxes) on a worksheet<br />
• Rulers: Displays pengaris<br />
<br />
4. Layout<br />
• Insert Page: Adding a worksheet page<br />
• Rename Page: Menganti name of the worksheet page<br />
• Delete Page: Delete a worksheet page<br />
• Got To Page: Skip to page .....<br />
• Page Setup: Set the worksheet page<br />
• The Background: Setting screen worksheet<br />
<br />
5. Arrange<br />
• Group: Making an all selected objects<br />
• Ungroup: Splitting a collection of objects<br />
• Ungroup All: Separating collection - a collection of objects<br />
• Object Lock: Lock object that can not be moved<br />
• Object Unlock: Unlocking objects<br />
• Unlock All Object: Opens all the key objects<br />
<br />
<br />
6. Effects<br />
• Artistic Media: Giving effect artistic media objects<br />
• Blend: Giving effect blend objects<br />
• Contour: Giving effect contour object<br />
• Envelope: Giving effect envelope object<br />
• Extrude: Giving effect extrude objects<br />
• Bevel: Gives effect bevel object<br />
• Lens: Giving effect lens object<br />
<br />
7. Text<br />
• Character Formatting: Formatting text<br />
• Paragraph Formatting: Formatting paragraph<br />
• Tabs: Formatting tabs<br />
• Columns: Formatting column<br />
• Bulets: Formatting bullet<br />
• Drop Cap: Formatting drop cap<br />
• Edit Text: Edit the text<br />
• Insert Symbol Characters: Inserts a text symbol<br />
<br />
B. Standard Toolbar<br />
Standard Toolbar is a collection of icons that serve for processing of the main display CorelDRAW X3, for example, to create a new worksheet, open a saved worksheet, print the worksheets.<br />
<br />
• New (Ctrl + N): Creates a new worksheet<br />
• Open (Ctrl + O): Open a spreadsheet document<br />
• Save (Ctrl + S): Saves worksheet<br />
• Print (Ctrl + P): Print a worksheet<br />
• Cut (Ctrl + X): Cutting objects<br />
• Copy (Ctrl + C): Copying objects<br />
• Paste (Ctrl + V): Put the data of copying<br />
• Undo: Back kekondisi previous<br />
• Redo: Towards the next condition<br />
• Import (Ctrl + I): Inserts / insert an object into a worksheet<br />
• Export (Ctrl + E): Sending a file to another worksheet<br />
• Application Launcher: Open CorelDRAW, CorelPHOTO_PAINt,<br />
• CorelBARCODE, CorelCAPTURE<br />
• Corel online: Towards corel website<br />
• Zoom level: Governing the sheets to the work area<br />
<br />
C. Tool Box<br />
Toolbox is a collection of buttons that are used to create and modify objects. By default toolbox located on the left side of the worksheet. With facilities toolbox you can modify an object, such as changing the shape of the object, distorting objects, coloring objects, giving certain effects, and so on.<br />
<br />
• Pick tool: To select an object, move the object, rotate the object, change the object's size and others - others<br />
• Shape tool: To change the shape of the object, such as the curved line of the curve, mengeser edit and delete nodes, etc.<br />
• Smudge brush: To distort an object by click and drag on the object line<br />
• Roughen brush: For chopping the curve object<br />
• Free transform tool: To rotate the object freely<br />
• Crop tool: To cut objects by selecting first<br />
• Knife tool: To cut objects directly<br />
• Eraser tool: To remove objects such as using the eraser tool<br />
• Virtual segment delete: To remove a specific object<br />
• Zoom: To enlarge the worksheet<br />
• Hand tool: To shift a worksheet like using hand<br />
• Freehand tool: To make free lines like drawing with a pencil<br />
• Bezier tool: To make curved lines curved or straight lines with a click or click and drag<br />
• Artistic media tool: To create an artistic line like using calligraphy markers.<br />
• Pen tool: thinking about the same function with the Bezier Tool, which is to draw a curve object curved or straight lines. The difference is, if the Pen Tool when making the connecting points followed a straight line but not on the Bezier Tool.<br />
• Polyline tool: Functions the same as the Freehand tool, used to draw free objects. The difference when drawing the polyline Tool then when you click on the second point of the object is made then there is still a line that follows the mouse arrow direction, while the Freehand Tool no.<br />
• Point Curve tool: To draw a curved line curves with simple steps<br />
• Interactive connector tool: To connect one object to another object<br />
• Dimension tool: To create a dimension line with a tool to measure the height of objects<br />
• Smart verb tool: To give color to objects rapidly closing. This button also produces a new form of the object according to a given field of color<br />
• Smart drawing tool: To draw a line that can be identified with the free base form of the object and then be converted automatically by CoreDRAW into a particular shape of the object.<br />
• Rectangle tool: To draw an object rectangle or square<br />
• 3 point rectangle tool: To draw a rectangular object or squares with a three-point point<br />
• Ellipse tool: To draw a circle object<br />
• 3 point ellipse tool: To create an elliptical object with a three-point point<br />
• Polygon tool: To create a polygon object<br />
• Star tool: To draw a star shape object<br />
• Complex star tool: To draw a star more complex object than the results of Star Tool<br />
• Graph paper tool: To make a paper chart or table<br />
• Spiral tool: To draw a spiral shape object<br />
• Basic shape: To draw the shape of the object that has been provided CorelDRAW X3<br />
• Arrow shapes: To draw a wide variety of object shapes of arrows<br />
• Flow chart shapes: To menggamabar variety of object shape flow chart that was provided CorelDRAW X3<br />
• Banner shapes: To draw various shapes banner that has been provided<br />
• Callout shapes: To draw a variety of object shapes for text captions<br />
• Text tool: To type text in a worksheet.<br />
• Interactive blend tool: To blend two or more objects<br />
• Interactive contour tool: To make the line - object contour lines<br />
• Interactive distortion tool: To distort objects as if - if the object gets friction or pressure from other objects<br />
• Interactive drop shadow tool: To give the shadow effect on the object<br />
• Interactive envelope tool: For folding / changing shape of the object with the car sliding handle<br />
• Interactive extrude tool: To transform into three-dimensional objects<br />
• Interactive transparency tool: To make the color of a transparent object<br />
• Eyedropper tool: To take the color of a particular object<br />
• Paintbucket tool: To color an object after taking colors from other objects using the eyedropper tool<br />
• Outline tool: To set up manufacturing lines outline. This button has the option of another button which serves to color and change the size of the line object<br />
• Fill tool: To color the object field. This button has the option of another button which serves to fill or remove the color of the object<br />
• Interactive fill tool: To color the object field with a variety of color options<br />
• Interactive mesh fill tool: To break up the colors in an object<br />
<br />
<br />
D. Property Bar<br />
Property Bar is a unique command line because the display is always changing and the commands in it will adjust the current icon on the tool box. For example, the tool box is active on the Zoom Tool will display the properties of a Zoom tool. Similarly with the other tools. Here we will be able to more quickly access the commands associated with the currently active tool.<br />
<br />
• Paper type / size: To set the type / size of paper / worksheet by default<br />
• Paper widht and hight: To set the paper size / worksheets<br />
• Potrait: To adjust the position of the paper up / stretching<br />
• Landscape: To set the sleep position paper / widened<br />
• Drawing units: To set the unit of measurement<br />
• Zoom level: To set the display worksheet<br />
• Zoom in: For enlarged view worksheets<br />
• Zoom out: To shrink a worksheet view<br />
• Zoom page: To display all worksheets<br />
• Zoom to page width: To increase the width of the page<br />
• Zoom to page height: height to enlarge the page<br />
• Object (s) position: To adjust the position of objects on a worksheet<br />
• Object (s) Size: To adjust the size of the object<br />
• Scale factor: In order to scale the size of the object<br />
• Angle of rotation: To adjust the tilt position of objects<br />
• Miror: To reverse the object<br />
• Start arrowhead selector, Outline style selector, End arrowhead selector: To provide various forms of end of the line<br />
• Outline width: To provide a variety of sizes line thickness<br />
• Free hand smoting: To adjust the fineness of the Freehand Tool<br />
• Rectangle corner roundness: To adjust the angle - angle on a rectangular object<br />
• Ellipse: To make a elipse on Elippse Tool<br />
• Pie: To make a Pie in Elippse Tool<br />
• Arc: To create a shape on Elippse Arc Tool<br />
• Starting and ending angle: To determine the start and end points for the Ellipse Tool<br />
• Number of points or side on polygon: To set the number of sides that will be used on the polygon tool<br />
• Warp paragraph of text: To insert a paragraph<br />
• To the front of the layer: To display objects on the screen<br />
• To the back of the layer: To hide an object under the screen<br />
• Convert to Curves: To convert objects to curves<br />
• Font list: For selecting a font in the Text Tool<br />
• Font size: To set the letters on the Property Bar Text Tool<br />
• Bold: To bold letters on the Property Bar Text Tool<br />
• Italic: To tilt the letters on the Property Bar Text Tool<br />
• Underline: To underline the letters in the Property Bar Text Tool<br />
• Horizontal alignment: For leveling horizontal posts<br />
• Show / hide bullet: To show the bullet<br />
• Show / hide drop cap: To display the drop cap<br />
• Character formatting: To set the font<br />
• Edit text: To set the paper<br />
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-90979063792913248252013-03-11T00:33:00.001-07:002013-03-11T00:33:08.898-07:00Tipe data pada pascal<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">TIPE DATA SEDERHANA <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Integer <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tipe integer adalah tipe data yang nilainya bulat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada 5 macam tpe integer, yaitu: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tipe Jangkauan Nilai (Range) Format <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Shortint -128 .. 127 Signed 8 bit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Integer -32768 .. 32767 Signed 16 bit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Longint -2147483648 .. 2147483647 Signed 32 bit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Byte 0 .. 255 Unsigned 8 bit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Word 0 .. 65535 Unsigned 8 bit </span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A, B, C : Integer; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">D, E, F : Longint; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Operator-operator yang berlaku pada tipe data integ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">er, yaitu : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Operator arithmatik : +, - , *, /, div, mod <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Operator logic : <, = , > , <= , >= , <> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Real <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Real merupakan tipe bilangan pecahan. Bilangan realbisa dinyatakan dalam bentuk eksponensial. Ada 5 macam
tipe real, yaitu: Tipe Jangkauan Nilai Digit Signifikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ukuran Real 2,9 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">-38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> .. 1,7 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">38 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">11 - 12 6 byte <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Single 1,5 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">-45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> .. 3,4 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">38 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7 - 8 4 byte <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Double 5.0 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">-324<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> .. 1,7 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">308 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">15 - 16 8 byte <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Extended 3,4 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">-4932<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> .. 1,11 x 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4932 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">19 - 20 10 byte <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Comp -2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">63<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> + 1 .. 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">63<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> - 1 19 - 20 8 byte <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh deklarasi: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A, B, C : Real; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">D, E, F : Double; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #003300; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Operasi – operasi yang bisa dikerjakan oleh tipe data real adalah</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">• Operasi biner, seperti penjumlahan (+), pengurangan (-), perkalian (*), dan pembagian (/) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">• Operasi uner. Contoh: -4.25, +1.25 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">–<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Boolean <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Boolean adalah tipe data yang hanya mempunyai dua kemungkinan, yaitu true dan false. Biasanya tipe data ini digunakan untuk perbandingan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A, B, C : Boolean; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Operator NOT, OR, AND, dan XOR dapat dibentuk secara bersamaan menjadi sebuah ungkapan Booleanyang rumit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Misal: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A,B,C: Boolean; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> C := false; B := true; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> A := (Not(C) AND Not (B)) XOR (C); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Write(A); readln; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut anda, berapakah nilai A? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Char <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Char adalah semua tombol yang terdapat pada keyboard atau lebih lengkapnya semua karakter yang terd
pat pada kode ASCII. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Catatan : Apabila char ingin dijadikan sebagai konstanta maka karakter yang dimasukkan harus diapit dengan tanda kutip satu. Dan apabila karakter itu berupa tanda kutip satu maka harus diapit dengan dua tanda kutip satu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="IN" style="color: #002060; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beberapa fungsi untuk memanipulasi tipe daa char: <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ord(x) dengan x adalah data bertipe char. Fungsi ini digunakan untuk memperoleh nilai urutan dalam kode ASCII yang digunakan untuk melambangkan karakter tersebut. Contoh: Ord('C') adalah 67.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Char(x) dengan x adalah data bertipe byte. Fungsi ini adalah kebalikan dari fungsi Ord. Nilai yang diporoleh merupakan karakter
ASCII yang dinyatakan dengan urutan ke x. Contoh: Char(67) adalah 'C'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pred(x) dengan x adalah data bertipe char. Fungsi ini digunakan untuk mengetahui karakter yang mendahului x. Contoh: Pred('h') adalah 'g'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Succ(x) dengan x adalah data bertipe char. Fungsi ini digunakan untuk mengetahui karakter sesudah x. Contoh: Succ('h') adalah 'i'. Jika x tidak mempunyai penerus, maka nilai fungsi ini tidak terdefinisikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Upcase(x) dengan x adalah data bertipe char. Jika x
merupakan huruf kecil maka akan dikembalikan huruf kapitalnya. Contoh: upcase('a') adalah 'A'. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">String <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">String adalah data yang berisi sederet karakter yang terletak diantara tanda kutip satu. Jika karakter kutip merupakan bagian dari konstanta string, maka ditulis dengan menggunakan dua buah tanda kutip satu berurutan. Nilai data string akan menempati memori sebesar maksim jumlah karakter yang dapa ditampung ditambah denga 1 byte (index ke-0) untuk menyimpan panjang string yang sebenarnya. Jika panjang string tidak ditulis, makapanjang string dianggap 255 karakter. Panjang string yang diijinkan antara 1 sampai 255. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #943634; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 191;"> <a href="" name="4"></a>Bentuk umum dari deklarasi tipe string adalah: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var pengenal : string[panjang]; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dimana <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">pengenal : nama variabel <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">panjang : bilangan bulat yang menunjukkan banyaknya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> karakter (1 – 255). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk tipe data string, operator yang berlaku adala<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">h operator penggabungan (+). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tipe data didefinisikan pemakai (user-defined data type) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Subrange <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tipe data subrange adalah suatu range yang menunjukkan nilai terkecil dan nilai terbesar yang dapat dipergunakan. Deklarasi tipe data subrange mempunyai bentuk: Type pengenal = konstanta1 .. konstanta2; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dimana: pengenal : nama tipe data yang dideklarasikan konstanta1 : batas bawah nilai data konstanta2 : batas atas nilai data Kedua konstanta di dalam subrange harus bertipe ordinal yang sama, di mana nilai konstanta pertama lebih kecil atau sama dengan nilai konstanta kedua. Tipe data real tidak dapat digunakan sebagai nilai subrange, karena buka tipe ordinal. Contoh: Type tanggal = 1 .. 31; bulan = 1 .. 12; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Enumerated <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tipe data enumerated (skalar) menunjukkan kumpulan dari nilai yang urutannya sudah pasti. Nilai dari tipe yang dideklarasikan ini akan diwakili dengan pengenal – pengenal (identifiers) yang akan menjadi nilai suatu konstanta. Contoh: Type bahasa = (delphi, java, c, pascal, basic); bulan = (maret, april, mei, juni, juli); Tipe data bulan mempunya 5 elemen dari maret sampai
juli. Dari urutannya, maret adalah identifier berupa konstanta bernilai 0 dan juli bernilai 4. Yang perlu diperhatikan dengan tipe data skalar ini adalah tipe data ini sudah berbeda dengan tipe standar yang ada dan pascal tidakmengijinkan operasi dengan tipe data yamg berbeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Derajat Operator <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Anda sudah mengenal beberapa tipe data di dalam Pas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cal dan operatornya. Di dalam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pascal, operator – operator tersebut memiliki deraj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">at atau tingakatan. Adapun kegunaan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dari derajat ini adalah Pascal dapat menentukan ope<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">rator mana yang akan di jalankan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">terlebih dahulu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Misal: x := 4 + 5 * 3 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut anda, berapakah nilai dari x? Apakah 27 (ha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">sil dari 9 * 3) atau 19 (hasil dari 4 + <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">15) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berikut ini urutan operator berdasarkan derajatnya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">@, not, *, /, div, mod, as, and, shl, shr, +, -, or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, xor, :=, <>, <, >, <=, >=, in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan dari urutan operator di atas, maka nila<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i x pada x := 4 + 5 * 3 adalah 19, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">karena operator * lebih dulu dikerjakan daripada op<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">erator +. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Akan tetapi, jika kita ingin agar operator + dikerj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">akan terlebih dahulu, kita bisa <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">meletakkan operasi penjumlahan tersebut di dalam ku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">rung, musalnya: x := (4 + 5) * 3. Di <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">sini nilai x itu adalah 27, karena di dalam Pascal <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">operasi yang di dalam kurung akan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dilakukan terlebih dahulu, tidak dipengaruhi oleh d<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">erajat operator. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="" name="6"></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">INPUT OUTPUT DI DALAM PASCAL <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Write dan Writeln <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perintah ini digunakan untuk mencetak kata-kata ata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">u variable ke layer kompuer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebagai contoh untuk mencetak kata ‘Sedang Belajar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pascal’, perintah yang diberikan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">adalah: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Write(‘Sedang Belajar Pascal’); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">atau <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Writeln(‘Sedang Belajar Pascal’); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jika menggunakan write, setelah mencetak kata – kat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a atau variable, kursor akan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">diletakkan di samping hasil cetakan. Jka menggunaka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">n perintah writeln, setelah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mencetak kata – kata atau variable, kursor akan dip<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">indahkan ke bawah satu baris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dengan posisi horizontal pada awal baris. Untuk men<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cetak suatu variable, tidak perlu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tanda petik satu. Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A : integer; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> A:= 9; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Writeln(A); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dengan menggunakan write atau writeln, kita bisa me<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">nampilkan kata – kata dan variable <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dengan tanda koma (,) sebagai pemisah antara variab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">le dan kata - kata, Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A : integer; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> A:= 9; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Writeln(‘Nilai A adalah ’, A); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terkadang kita menemukan prosedur write atau writel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">n yang ditulis seperti ini, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">writeln(‘Asyik’: 10) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Jika ditulis seperti ini, maka akan menghasilkan space yang disediakan untuk menuliskan kata asyik di layar monitor adalah 10 karakter, mulai dari kiri ke kanan. Coba tuliskan program berikut ini: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="" name="7"></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">write(‘Sehat’: 10); write(‘Senang’: 10); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">readln; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">end. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perhatikan apa yang terjadi pada penggalan program <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">di atas! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Selain itu, dengan menggunakan write atau writeln, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">kita dapat mengatur berapa banyak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">angka di belakang koma yang akan ditampilkan di lay<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ar monitor jika kita ingin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">menampikan bilangan real, caranya adalah dengan men<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">uliskan seperti program di <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">bawah ini <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Write(1/3: 5 : 2); write(2/3: 5: 2); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Readln; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Read dan Readln <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Read atau readln digunakan untuk menerima masukan dari user untuk disimpan ke dalam suatu variable. Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A: Integer; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Write(‘Masukkan nilai A: ’);readln(A); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Writeln(‘Nilai yang anda masukkan adalah: ’, A); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="color: #003300; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Catatan: <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terkadang kita menggunakan fungsi readln pada satu baris sebelum kata end.. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar suatu program tidak akan langsung terminate (berhenti) tanpa menunggu suatu masukan dari user. Adapun masukan tersebut berupa penekanan tombol enter pada keyboard. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Komentar <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Komentar adalah bagian dari program yang tidak akan
diproses oleh compiler (Free Pascal). Komentar hanya digunakan untuk dokumentasi saja. Cara pemberian komentar adalah dengan menambahkan //<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> untuk 1 baris atau <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">{…}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> untuk lebih dari 1 baris. Contoh <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">pemberian komentar: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="" name="8"></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Program Komentar; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> //Ini Adalah Komentar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (Pernyataan – pernyataan ini <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Tidak kan Diproses} <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Unit <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Di dalam Pascal, ada bagian yang disebut sebagai unit. Unit ini menyimpan fungsi dan prosedur standard yang sudah didefinisikan oleh pembuat compiler. Beberapa unit standard yang ada dalam Pascal adalah Crt, System, Graph, Dos, Printer, dan Overlay. Cara penggunaan unit adalah dengan menambahkan statemen: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uses nama_unit; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">pada <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">bagian Deklarasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Misal: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uses Crt; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beberapa fungsi dan prosedur yang ada dalam unit Crt:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Clrscr <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Clrscr adalah suatu prosedur untuk membersihkan layer. Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uses crt; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Writeln(‘Layar Sudah Bersih’); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Readln; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="" name="9"></a><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Readkey <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Readkey adalah fungsi masukan yang hanya akan mengambil satu karakter masukan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jenis variable yang dapat diinput oleh readkey pun hanya jenis variable karakter. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uses crt; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Var A : Char; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Write(‘Tekan karakter apa saja di dalam keyboard’)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> A := Readkey; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Writeln(‘Karakter yang barusan anda tekan adalah: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">’, A); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Readln; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">TextBackground <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">TextBackground merupakan prosedur untuk mengganti warna background tulitan yang ditampilhan di layer dengan warna yang kita inginkan. Perintah yang digunakan adalah: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Textbackground(warna); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Warna merupakan variable yang bias diganti dengan nama warna atau nilai warna tersebut: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Warna Konstanta Nilai Warna Konstanta Nilai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hitam Black 0 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Coklat Tua Dark Brown 8 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Biru Blue 1 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Biru Muda Light Blue 9 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hijau Green 2 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hijau Muda Light Green 10 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cyan (Biru Laut) Cyan 3 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cyan Muda Light Cyan 11 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merah Red 4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merah Muda Light Red 12 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Magenta Magenta 5 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Magenta Muda Light <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Magenta 13 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Coklat Brown 6 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kuning Yellow 14 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Coklat Muda Light Gray 7 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Putih White 15 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="" name="10"></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uses Crt; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Textbackground(Red); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Writeln(‘Laboratorium Komputasi FMIPA UGM’); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Readln; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Textcolor <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Textcolor merupakan prosedur yang digunakan untuk m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ewarnai tulisan. Perintahnya <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">adalah: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Textcolor(warna); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cara pengisian warna sama dengan Textbackground. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uses crt; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Textbackground(Red); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Textcolor(Blue); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Writeln(‘Laboratorium Komputasi FMIPA UGM’); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Readln; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">End. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beberapa fungsi dan prosedur untuk operasi Aritmati<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ka: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sqr(Value) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> fungsi ini digunakan untuk menghasilkan nilai perpangkatan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sqrt(Value) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> fungsi ini digunakan untuk menghasilkan nilai akar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> pangkat dua <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Abs(Value) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> untuk menghasilkan nilai mutlak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ln(Value) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> untuk mencari nilai logaritma natural <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Exp(Value) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> untuk mencari nilai eksponennya <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Trunc(Value) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> untuk memotong nilai real ke suatu nilai integer <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Round(Value) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> untuk membulatkan nilai real ke nilai integer yang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> terdekat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-87704046849318124812013-03-11T00:28:00.003-07:002013-03-11T00:28:45.167-07:00How to Eliminate Acne and scars Naturally<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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• Aloe Vera<br />
Not only is soothing inflamed skin, aloe vera is also able to enhance the immune system and helps regenerate damaged tissue. There are so many cosmetic industry uses this plant as the main ingredient for skin care products. You better use of aloe vera's natural rather than have to buy it in the store. Because apart from the price at the store is expensive, also contained addictive substances.<br />
• Lemon<br />
The content of citric acid, lactic acid and the lemon juice glikolatjus is one type of Alpha Hydroxy Acid ata more often called Degnan AHA. AHA is very popularly used in many types of cosmetics. Many skin care products, including anti-aging creams with AHA as the main ingredient. As for how to remove acne and scars is quite easy. Before making sure that your skin is completely clean. Then take a bowl and squeeze the lemon 1-3. Take a cotton swab to apply the lemon juice over the face especially on the acne scars. Noteworthy is that if you have sensitive skin, lemon juice can cause sores in the skin.<br />
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• Egg whites<br />
Egg whites proved successful in helping to disguise scars acne scars are no exception. The content of protein and amino acids in egg whites to tighten pores to prevent new acne scars and brighten skin. Apply egg white to all parts of your face for a few minutes. Then let the egg white dries and rinse with warm water. Lalukan 2 to 3 times a week. The conclusion is, you should be aware jikaa secar natural skin care method is better because without significant side effects. Use one of the ways to remove acne and scars on top.<br />
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<b><i>Eliminate acne from the inside</i></b><br />
<br />
Naturally, our body produces oil to keep moisture and skin health. However, if the body produces excess oil, then what happens is easy to grow acne on oily skin. Perform the following steps:<br />
<br />
1. Avoid fatty foods<br />
<br />
Avoid high-fat foods such as nuts, yogurt, chocolate, and other fatty foods. Foods that contain a lot of fat if consumed in excess will menjadikanntubuh produce excess oil. It also affects the skin, excess oil on the skin will clog the skin pores that eventually form a clot and invite bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, the bacteria that causes acne.<br />
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2. Consumption of fiber<br />
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Foods that contain a lot of fiber both fruits and vegetables will help your body dissolve bad fats in the body. So that the levels of excess oil produced by the body was reduced, of course, the oil on the skin was reduced.<br />
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3. Drink more water<br />
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Water is very good for the skin and body health. Water helps keep the body's metabolism and most importantly, helps the regeneration of skin cells. By drinking more water, will clean the impurities in the body that can cause acne.<br />
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<b><i>Remove acne from the outside</i></b><br />
<br />
1. Honey<br />
<br />
It was common to so many benefits of fluid is also useful to get rid of acne. Various studies have shown that honey proved efficacious cure various diseases and are also able to eradicate acne. Menggunakanyan very easy way just by applying honey on acne prone skin. Do this by using a cotton swab and let stand for 15 minutes, then rinse with water until clean.<br />
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2. Skin Orange and Lemon<br />
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Orange peel and lemon has properties to get rid of acne. Even acne medications available in the market too much to use orange and lemon as an ingredient. using them is quite easy, by striking orange peel until smooth then mix a little water. The resulting mixture can be applied on the acne. For maximum results should be on leave until 10-15 minutes before rinsing with clean water.<br />
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3. Cucumber<br />
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Although fruits are easy to find and the price is very cheap in fact contain substances that are beneficial to the body including acne. You could do by way of slicing and pressed on the affected part and its function to provide cool effects on the skin is inflamed, after 15 minutes and then rinse with clean water.<br />
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4. Papaya<br />
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Vitamin content in papaya is very good for the skin. But there are still not many people used to treat acne due to its aroma. Quite easy, papaya blender as needed, then apply papaya blender earlier results on the face for 20 minutes later wash with water.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-77379011457678454662013-03-11T00:27:00.000-07:002013-03-11T00:27:13.688-07:00Cara Menghilangkan Jerawat Secara Alami<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 81.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> <b>
</b></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span dir="LTR"></span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Lidah Buaya </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 81.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Tidak hanya bersifat
menenangkan kulit meradang, lidah buaya juga mampu meningkatkan sistem
kekebalan tubuh dan membantu meregenerasi jaringan yang rusak. Banyak sekali
industri kosmetik yang menggunakan tanaman ini sebagai bahan utama untuk produk
perawatan kulit. Anda lebih baik menggunakan lidah buaya yang masih alami
ketimbang harus membelinya di toko. Karena selain harga di toko mahal, juga
terkandung zat adiktif.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Lemon </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 81.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Kandungan asam sitrat,
asam laktat dan glikolatjus pada jus lemon merupakan salah satu jenis Asam
Alpha Hydroxy ata lebih sering disebut degnan AHA. AHA sangat populer digunakan
dalam berbagai jenis kosmetik. Banyak produk perawatan kulit, termasuk krim
anti-penuaan dengan AHA sebagai bahan utamanya. Adapun cara menghilangkan
jerawat dan bekasnya cukup mudah. Sebelumnya pastikan bahwa kulit Anda
benar-benar bersih. Kemudian ambil mangkuk dan peraslah 1-3 lemon. Ambil kapas
untuk mengOleskan perasan lemon ke seluruh wajah khususnya pada bagian bekas
jerawat. Yang perlu diperhatikan adalah jika Anda memiliki kulit yang sensitif,
perasan lemon dapat menyebabkan rasa perih pada kulit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Putih telur </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 19.2pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 81.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Putih telur terbukti
ampuh dalam membantu menyamarkan bekas luka tak terkecuali bekas jerawat.
Kandungan protein dan asam amino pada putih telur dapat mengencangkan pori-pori
untuk mencegah munculnya jerawat baru sekaligus mencerahkan kulit bekas luka.
Usapkan putih telur ke seluruh bagian wajah Anda selama beberapa menit.
Kemudian biarkan putih telur tersebut mengering dan bilas dengan air hangat.
Lalukan 2 sampai 3 kali dalam satu minggu. Kesimpulannya adalah, Anda
harus menyadari jikaa metode perawatan kulit secar alami lebih baik karena
tanpa efek samping yang signifikan. Gunakan salah satu </span><a href="http://tersedot.blogspot.com/2012/10/cara-menghilangkan-jerawat-dan-bekasnya.html"><span style="color: #5a5a5a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cara menghilangkan jerawat dan
bekasnya</span></a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> di
atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0cm;">Menghilangkan jerawat dari dalam</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Secara alami, tubuh kita menghasilkan minyak
untuk menjaga kelembaban dan kesehatan kulit. Namun jika tubuh menghasilkan
minyak berlebih, maka yang terjadi adalah jerawat mudah tumbuh pada kulit
berminyak. Lakukan langkah berikut:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1. Hindari makanan berlemak</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hindari makanan kaya lemak seperti,
kacang-kacangan, yoghurt, coklat, dan makanan berlemak lainya. Makanan yang
mengandung banyak lemak jika dikonsumsi berlebihan akan menjadikanntubuh
memproduksi minyak berlebih. Hal tersebut juga berdampak pada kulit, minyak
berlebih pada kulit akan menyumbat pori-pori kulit yang akhirnya membentuk
gumpalan dan mengundang bakteri<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionibacterium_acnes"><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #111111; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; padding: 0cm;">Propionibacterium Acnes</span></i></a><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">, bakteri penyebab jerawat.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2. Konsumsi makanan berserat</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Makanan yang mengandung banyak serat baik itu
buah-buahan maupun sayuran akan membantu tubuh melarutkan lemak jahat pada
tubuh. Sehingga kadar minyak berlebih yang dihasilkan tubuh pun berkurang,
tentu saja minyak pada kulit pun berkurang.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3. Minum lebih banyak air putih</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Air putih sangat baik untuk kulit dan kesehatan
tubuh. Air putih membantu menjaga metabolisme tubuh dan yang terpenting
membantu proses regenerasi sel kulit. Dengan meminum lebih banyak air putih,
akan membersihkan kotoran dalam tubuh yang bisa menyebabkan jerawat.</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">Menghilangkan jerawat dari luar</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1. Madu</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Sudah menjadi rahasia umum cairan dengan begitu
banyak manfaat ini juga bermanfaat untuk menghilangkan jerawat. Berbagai
penelitian membuktikan bahwa madu terbukti berkhasiat menyembuhkan beragam
penyakit dan juga mampu membasmi berjerawat. Cara menggunakanyan sangat mudah
yaitu hanya dengan mengoleskan madu pada kulit yang berjerawat. Lakukan hal
tersebut dengan menggunakan kapas dan diamkan selama 15 menit, kemudian bilas
dengan air putih hingga bersih.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2. Kulit Jeruk dan Lemon</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kulit jeruk dan lemon memiliki khasiat untuk
menghilangkan jerawat. Bahkan obat jerawat yang tersedia dipasaran pun banyak
yang menggunakan jeruk dan lemon sebagai bahan. menggunakanya cukup mudah,
yaitu dengan menumbuk kulit jeruk sampai halus kemudian campur sedikit air.
Hasil campuran tersebut bisa dioleskan pada bagian yang berjerawat. Untuk hasil
yang maksimal sebaiknya di biarkan hingga 10-15 menit sebelum dibilas dengan
air bersih.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3. Mentimun<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Meski jenis buah ini mudah ditemukan dan
harganya sangat murah ternyata mengandung zat yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh
termasuk untuk mengatasi jerawat. Anda bisa melakukan dengan cara mengiris lalu
menempelkan pada bagian yang terkena dan fungsinya untuk untuk memberikan efek
sejuk pada bagian kulit yang meradang, setelah 15 menit kemudian cuci dengan
air bersih.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br /><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4. Pepaya</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kandungan vitamin pada buah pepaya sangat baik
untuk kulit. Namun masih jarang yang memanfaatkan untuk mengobati jerawat
dikarenakan aromanya. Caranya cukup mudah, blender pepaya sesuai
kebutuhan, kemudian oleskan pepaya hasil blender tadi pada wajah selama 20 menit
selanjutnya bersihkan dengan air.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-76405647058554375442013-03-11T00:24:00.001-07:002013-03-11T00:24:53.854-07:00HOW TO FIGHT ACNE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
1. Expand eat garlic<br />
<br />
Garlic can destroy bad bacteria in the pores of the skin. In addition, garlic also works to increase the immune system, including the skin.<br />
2. Irradiate the skin with sunlight<br />
<br />
Skin needs sunlight to awaken their own health, so that the cells can be activated properly. Let the skin is exposed to sunlight in the morning hours every day.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
3. Exercise and enough sleep<br />
<br />
Stress that you experience every day will also trigger hormonal imbalances and ends on acne. Exercise and enough sleep will help your body re-stabilize hormones.<br />
4. Washing your face with warm water<br />
<br />
Acne can be caused by debris buildup in the pores. Warm water will make the pores open for a while, so you can clean soap skin optimally. Once clean, wash your face again with cold water, so that the pores close again.<br />
5. Food and pollution<br />
<br />
The food was less clean and pollution that often we encounter every day may be toxic and stimulate the development of acne on the skin. To get rid of toxins (detoxification) naturally, drink water. The buildup of toxins in the body will come out through the dirt and sweat, so the acne does not appear.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-78731720831021260442013-03-11T00:20:00.003-07:002013-03-11T00:20:30.509-07:00A Thousand Years<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Heartbeats fast<br />
Colors and promises<br />
How to be brave<br />
How can I love when I’m afraid to fall<br />
But watching you stand alone<br />
All of my doubt suddenly goes away somehow</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
One step closer<o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I have died everyday waiting for you<br />
Darling don’t be afraid I have loved you<br />
For a thousand years<br />
I love you for a thousand more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Time stands still<br />
Beauty in all she is<br />
I will be brave<br />
I will not let anything take away<br />
What’s standing in front of me<br />
Every breath<br />
Every hour has come to this<br />
One step closer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I have died everyday waiting for you<br />
Darling don’t be afraid I have loved you<br />
For a thousand years<br />
I love you for a thousand more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">And all along I believed I would find you<br />
Time has brought your heart to me<br />
I have loved you for a thousand years<br />
I love you for a thousand more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">One step closer<br />
One step closer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I have died everyday waiting for you<br />
Darling don’t be afraid I have loved you<br />
For a thousand years<br />
I love you for a thousand more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #111111; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">And all along I believed I would find you<br />
Time has brought your heart to me<br />
I have loved you for a thousand years<br />
I love you for a thousand more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-16022372164983761452013-03-11T00:18:00.002-07:002013-03-11T00:18:47.741-07:00Kalung Emas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kalung emas sing ono gulumu<br />
Saiki wis malih dadi biru<br />
Luntur koyo tresnamu<br />
Luntur koyo atimu<br />
Ra nyono kowe lali karo aku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">*)<br />
Kalung emas ku mbiyen tak tuku<br />
Tak pasrahke mung kanggo sliramu<br />
Gedhe roso tresnaku<br />
Yo mung kanggo sliramu<br />
Ra nyono kowe lali karo aku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">reff :<br />
Loro atiku,atiku kelaran loro<br />
Rasaning nganti tembus ning dhodho<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nangisku iki<br />
Mergo kowe sing nggarai<br />
Kebangeten opo salahku iki<br />
Opo dosaku iki<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">reff :<br />
kembali ke *)..kalung emas mbiyen…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-12194130310289080302013-03-11T00:16:00.000-07:002013-03-11T00:19:24.725-07:00Tanjung Emas Ninggal Janji<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bebasan koyo ngenteni<br />
Udane mongso ketigo<br />
Senajan mung sedelo ora dadi ngopo<br />
Penting biso ngademke ati<br />
ouow wo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15pt; text-indent: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semono ugo rasaning atiku<br />
Mung tansah nunggu tekamu<br />
Ra kroso setaun kowe ninggal aku<br />
Kangen.. kangening atiku</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15pt; text-indent: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">reff :<br />
Aku sih kelingan<br />
Naliko ing pelabuhan<br />
Koe janji lungo ra ono sewulan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15pt; text-indent: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nanging saiki wis luwih ing janji<br />
Nyatane kowe ora bali-bali<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15pt; text-indent: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neng pelabuhan Tanjung Mas kene<br />Mbiyen aku ngeterke kowe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15pt; text-indent: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neng pelabuhan Semarang kene<br />
Aku tansah ngenteni kowe…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15pt; text-indent: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semono ugo rasaning atiku<br />
Mung tansah nunggu tekamu<br />
Ra kroso setahun kowe ninggal aku<br />
Kangen.. kangening atiku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-83814316611204908692013-03-06T01:00:00.000-08:002013-03-06T01:00:04.216-08:00Resensi Novel Negeri 5 Menara<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oRraBKXA_Nk/UTcFgG7q53I/AAAAAAAAAIk/ho6oNXlVxKM/s1600/negeri5menara1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oRraBKXA_Nk/UTcFgG7q53I/AAAAAAAAAIk/ho6oNXlVxKM/s320/negeri5menara1.jpg" width="216" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Identitas Buku :</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Judul
Buku :
Negeri 5 Menara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nama
Pengarang : Ahmad Fuadi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tahun
Terbit :
2009<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nama
Penerbit :
PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tempat
Terbit :
Jakarta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tebal
Buku :
423 Halaman</span></div>
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<b style="text-indent: 28.9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Isi :</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alif Fikri berasal dari Maninjau, Bukittinggi,
Sumatra barat, adalah seorang anak laki-laki desa yang sangat pintar. Ia dan
teman baiknya Randai memiliki mimpi yang sama yaitu masuk ke SMA terbaik di
Bukittinggi dan melanjutkan studi di ITB, universitas yang bergengsi itu.
Selama ini Alif bersekolah di madrasah atau sekolah agama Islam. Alif merasa
sudah cukup menerima ajaran Islam dan ingin menikmati</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> masa remajanya seperti
anak-anak remaja lainnya di SMA. Dengan berbekal nilai ujian yang
lumayan bagus membuatnya merasa akan terbuka kesempatan untuk Amak (ibu)
memperbolehkannya untuk masuk sekolah umum. Namun mimpinya seakan sirna, musnah
tak berbekas, karena Amak tidak mengijinkan. Beliau menginginkan
anaknya mewarisi keulamaan Buya Hamka, ulama yang terkenal di tanah kelahiran
Alif. Dengan keputusan setengah hati Alif menuruti keinginan Amak. Namun
Alif ingin bersekolah di Pondok Madani yang di Jawa Timur sesuai saran yang di
tuliskan melalui surat oleh pamannya Pak Etek Gondo yang sedang berkuliah di
Kairo. Dengan keterpaksaan kedua orang tuanya memperbolehkan Alif untuk
melanjutkan sekolahnya di Pondok Madani, Gontor, Jawa Timur.<o:p></o:p><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Besok pagi Alif di antar ayahnya ke
Jawa dengan menaiki bus. Sebelum meninggalkan rumah, Alif mencium tangan Amak sambil
meminta doa dan minta ampun atas kesalahannya. Selama tiga hari dalam
perjalanan ke Jawa akhirnya sampai juga di terminal Ponorogo. Di terminal
tersebut mereka telah disambut oleh panitia penerimaan siswa baru di Pondok
Madani. Kemudian mereka langsung diajak menaiki bus untuk berangkat ke Pondok
Madani yang tidak jauh dari terminal tersebut. Sampainya di pondok, Alif
mengisi folmulir sebagai calon siswa. Setelah seluruh calon siswa mengisi
folmulir, mereka diajak oleh panitia untuk berkeliling di Pondok Madani. Di hari
H Alif dan calon siswa lainnya melaksanakan ujian tulis. Hanya satu hari
setelah ujian, tepat tengah malam, sepuluh papan pengumuman hasil ujian
berjejer di kantor panitia. Alif dan ayahnya merasa sangat senang karena Alif
lulus ujian tulis di Pondok Madani.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“Man Jadda Wajada”. Pada hari
pertama di Pondok Madani, ustad Salman sebagai wali kelas Alif meneriakkan
sebuah kalimat mutiara sederhana dan kuat yakni “Siapa yang bersungguh-sungguh
akan behasil”. Di kelas 1 A Alif bersahabat akrab dengan Atang berasal dari
Bandung, Raja berasal dari Medan, Dulmajid berasal dari Madura, Said berasal
dari Surabaya, dan Baso berasal dari Sulawesi. “Sahibul Menara” sebuah sebutan
penghuni Pondok Madani terhadap Alif dan kelima sahabatnya yang selalu
berkumpul di bawah menara tertinggi di Pondok Madani saat menunggu shalat
magrib berjama’ah atau hanya menghabiskan waktu senggangnya untuk belajar
bersama-sama, mendiskusikan tentang impian mereka, mengagumi kisah-kisah
islami, semuanya dilakukan di tempat yang sama yaitu menara. Suatu ketika
Sahibul Menara menunggu maghrib sambil menatap awan berarak pulang ke ufuk. Di
mata mereka awan-awan itu menjelma menjadi negara dan benua impian
masing-masing. Kemana impian membawa mereka? Mereka tidak tahu. Yang mereka
tahu adalah “Jangan pernah meremehkan impian walau setinggi langit.
Sesungguhnya Tuhan Maha Mendengar”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sehabis isya, siswa-siswa
berbondong-bondong memenuhi aula. Untuk menghadiri “Pekan Perkenalan Siswa
Pondok Madani. Kiai Rais selaku pemimpin Pondok Madani memberikan sambutan dan
semangat kepada siswa baru di Pondok Madani. Setelah itu, acara tersebut
ditutupnya dengan doa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Al-Barq nama asrama dimana tempat
Alif beristirahat. Sebelum tidur Kak Is membacakan Qanun (aturan tidak tertulis
yang tidak boleh dilanggar). Bila aturan dilanggar ganjarannya tidak main-main.
Bila tidak digunduli, sekurang-kurangnya dapat jeweran berantai. Bahkan, bila
pelanggarannya berat santri bisa dipulangkan. Pagi harinya Sahibul Menara
bersama-sama belanja kebutuhan siswa baru di Pondok Madani. Saat jam
menunjukkan 16.50, mereka masih bingung memilih lemari. Lonceng waktu ke mesjid
sudah berbunyi mereka kebingungan mencari cara supaya cepat membawa lemari
mereka di asrama. Tiba-tiba datang seorang dari bagian keamanan yang
menghentikan langkah mereka. Sahibul Menara terkena hukuman jewer berantai
karena terlambat lima menit ke mesjid untuk melaksanakan shalat maghrib
berjama’ah. Setelah melakukan shalat maghrib Kak Sofyan mengumumkan siswa yang
mendapatkan wesel (kiriman dari keluarga atau orang yang dikenalnya)l dan siswa
yang harus menghadap ke mahkamah keamanan (orang yang melakukan kesalahan dan
dihukum sesuai kesalahannya). Said merupakan siswa yang beruntung mendapatkan
wesel pada hari itu. Namun, Alif dan Sahibul menara lainnya termasuk Said juga
mendapatkan panggilan untuk menghadap ke mahkamah keamanan karena kesalahan
tadi sore. Setiap Sahibul Menara mendapat hukuman menjadi jasus (mata-mata)
dan diberikannya 1 kartujasus untuk 2 kesalahan siswa. Dalam waktu 24 jam
di mulai saat itu mereka harus mencari siswa lain yang melanggar aturan di
Pondok madani serta mencatat namanya (semua siswa di PM memakai identitas diri
mereka masing-masing sesuai ketentuan). Apabila mereka tidak mendapatkan siswa
yang melanggar aturan dalam waktu 24 jam ke depan maka akan ditambahkan 2
kartu jasus kepada mereka. Waktu tersisa 3 jam, kartu jasus Sahibul
Menara terisi semua dan mereka terbebas dari hukuman tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Surat dari seberang pulau, Alif
menerima surat dari Randai yang menceritakan masa-masa perkenalan di SMA
bukittinggi. Kedatangan surat dari Randai itu membuat Alif jadi bersedih dan
malas bicara. Alif membayangkan keindahan masa-masa berseragam putih abu-abu.
Said dan Raja Mencoba menghibur Alif tapi tidak ada hasilnya. Malam harinya ada
tambahan kelas malam. “Malam ini kita akan menghabiskan waktu keliling dunia”
kata ustad Salman saat masuk di dalam kelas 1 A. Beliau membacakan potongan
mutiara dari tokoh-tokoh ini, “BJ Habibie, Mutiara dari Timur” , “Bung
Hatta, Pribadinya dalam Kenangan”, “Marthin Luther King, Jr: Stride Toward
Freedom”, dan “Mohammed, The Man of Allah” yang membuat Alif
cukup terhibur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pelajaran wajib yang selalu ada
setiap hari, enam kali dalam seminggu adalah lughah Arabiah (bahasa
Arab) yang diajarkan oleh ustad Salman. Alif dan teman yang lain, pelajaran
yang paling ditunggu adalah taarikh (sejarah dunia) yang diajarkan
oleh ustad Surur. Mata pelajaran Al-Qur’an dan Hadits juga dibawakan amat
menarik oleh ustad Faris. Alif sangat menyukai pelajaran Khatul
Arabi (kaligrafi Arab) yang diajarkan oleh ustad Jamil. Pelajaran yang
Alif suka tapi selalu berkeringat dingin saat menghadapinya adalah Mahfuzhat yang
diajarkan oleh ustad Badil. Tapi dari semua pelajaran, bahasa Inggris adalah
favorit Alif yang diajarkan oleh ustad Karim. Selain kelas pagi sampai jam 6,
mereka juga mengikuti tambahan kelas sore untuk mendalami pelajaran pokok,
khususnya bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris. Tambahan kelas malam yang dibimbing
oleh wali kelas. Sementara kamis sore tidak ada pelajaran, tapi diisi dengan
pelatihan pramuka. Tapi dari semua hari, hari yang paling mulia bagi kami dalah
hari jum’at. Sebab, hari mulia ini adalah hari libur mingguan kami di Pondok
Madani. Jum’at artinya bebas melakukan berbagai aktivitas yang tidak menyalahi
aturan. Hari jum’at juga mereka boleh keluar dari Pondok Madani asal bisa
kembali pada hari itu juga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hari jum’at ini, Said mengajak
Sahibul Menara ke Ponorogo. Dengan berbagai macam alasan satu-persatu dari
Sahibul Menara mendapatkan izin dari ustad Torik yang sedang piket saat itu.
Mereka menyewa sepeda ontel dari rumah penduduk. Setelah keluar dari Pondok
Madani, pertama yang mereka lakukan yaitu ingin memperbaiki gizi dan makan sate
di warung Cak Tohir, membeli berbagai kebutuhan sekolah di pasar Ponorogo.
Kedua, ingin melewati Ar-Rasyidah pesantren khusus putri yang terkenal. Yang
ketiga agak beresiko, melewati bioskop. Said ingin melihat spanduk film yang di
perankan oleh idolanya Arnold Schwarzenegger. Hujan turun sangat lebat, membuat
Sahibul Menara terlambat 5 menit dari waktu yang ditentukan yakni jam 17.00.
Karena keadaan tersebut mereka terbebas dari hukuman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Begitu pula siasat Dulmajid yang
memengaruhi ustad Torik agar boleh izin nonton bareng pertandingan final bulu
tangkis di lingkungan Pondok Madani, padahal qanun (aturan pondok)
menegaskan santri Pondok Madani di larang menonton TV. “Ustad, lob antum itu
mirip sekali dengan Icuk dan smash atum mirip Liem Swie King. Kalau nggak
percaya, kita nonton siaran langsung besok malam.” Kata Dulmajid. Ustad Torik
langsung takhluk dan terjadilah peristiwa bersejarah itu : TV masuk Pondok
Madani.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam waktu 3 bulan, siswa tahun
pertama Pondok Madani masih boleh menggunakan bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa
daerah mereka sendiri. Namun setelah itu mereka harus menguasai bahasa resmi di
Pondok Madani yakni bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris. Itu merupakan tantangan
terbesar buat mereka. Setiap selesai shalat subuh seorang kakak penggerak
bahasa masuk ke setiap kamar dengan membawa papan tulis kecil. Mereka diminta
mengulangi bersama-sama dan satu persatu apa yang kakak tersebut katakan.
Setelah itu diberikan sebuah kalimat sempurna dengan menggunakan kosa kata yang
telah mereka ucapkan bersama-sama tadi. Lalu, giliran mereka membuat kalimat
lain dengan menggunakan kosa kata ini. Sebelum di tutup, mereka disuruh
meneriakkan kembali kosa kata tadi bersama-sama. Dan mereka diberikan tugas
untuk menyalin kosa kata tadi dan membuat 3 contoh penggunaanya dalam kalimat.
Itu semua dilakukan setiap hari, 7 kali seminggu. Sebuah metode sederhana yang
sangat kuat dan mampu melekatkan bahasa baru ke dalam alam bawah sadar untuk
tidak lepas lagi selamanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sementara 2 kali seminggu, setelah
shalat subuh, mereka membuat 2 barisan panjang di lapangan dan melakukan
percakapan dengan teman yang ada di depannya menggunakan suara yang keras.
Kakak para penggerak bahasa akan mondar-mandir mendengar,
mengoreksi, memberi kalimat yang baik. Mereka diajarkan untuk berani mencoba
dan tidak takut salah. Sampai pada suatu jum’at, jam 4 subuh. Kak Is menggelitik
ujung-ujung sajadah ke hidung Alif, tapi yang keluar dari mulut Alif secara
otomatis ucapan : “Maaziltu an’as kak, ayyatu saa’atin haaza?”(masih
ngantuk banget kak, jam berapa sih?). Ajaib, dalam posisi setengah sadar Alif
menggunakan kalimat lengkap berbahasa Arab. Sejak saat itu Alif dan
kawan-kawannya yang lain merasakan perubahan yang sama. Pesan Kiai Rais “Pasang
niat kuat, berusaha keras dan berdoa khusyuk, lambat laun, apa yang kalian
perjuangkan akan berhasil. Ini sanatullah-hukum Tuhan”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sudah beberapa bulan Alif sengaja
tidak menghubungi Amak sebagai protes tidak boleh masuk SMA. Cerita
Kiai Rais berputar di kepalanya tentang susahnya menjadi seorang ibu. Karena
Alif tidak mau menjadi seperti Malin Kundang maka Alif memohon ampun kepada
Allah SWT. Malam itu juga, Alif menuliskan surat untuk mengabari
keadaannya di Pondok Madani kedapa Amak. Sejak itulah Alif teratur
menulis surat ke Amak. Satu sampai dua kali sebulan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berbagai macam aktivitas dilakukan
oleh Alif dan Sahibul Menara lainnya, Sampailah saatnya mereka melaksanakan
ujian. Bertempelan dimana-mana spanduk yang bertuliskan “Ma’an najah” (Semoga
sukses dalam ujian). Pembukaan ujian oleh Kiai Rais seakan-akan ujian adalah
sebuah hari besar keramat ketiga setelah Idul Fitri dan Idul Adha. Dan dari
kejauhan, bunyi lonceng besar berdentang keras. Menandakan 15 hari ujian
berakhir. Alhamdulillah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tiga tahun kemudian, hari
pertama imtihan nihai datang juga. Warga Pondok Madani Menyebutnya
“ujian di atas ujian”. Berbeda dengan ujian selama ini, untuk ujian kelas enam
kami harus berpakaian rapi layaknya seorang penguji. Di awali dengan ujian
lisan selama sepuluh hari, kemudian siswa diberikan waktu istirahat beberapa
hari untuk mempersiapkan diri untuk ujian tulis. Selang beberapa hari kemudian,
mereka masuk ke babak akhir perjuangan thalabul ilmi mereka di Pondok
Madani : ujian tulis. Malam hari, mereka berkumpul di aula. Kebiasaan di Pondok
Madani, sebuah ujian dibuka dan ditutup dengan pertemuan yang dipimpin oleh Kiai
Rais. Inilah Malam Syukuran Ujian Akhir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sudah dua minggu berlalu sejak
mereka merayakan selesainya ujian. Tiba saatnya, “Pengumuman kelulusan kita
sudah ada, bisa di lihat di aula” seru Said sebagai ketua angkatan mereka
berteriak-teriak setelah subuh.Alhamdulillah, Alif serta Sahibul Menara
dan teman lainnya LULUS. Menurut pengumuman, hanya kurang dari sepuluh orang
yang tidak lulus dan mereka dapat kesempatan untuk mengulang setahun lagi.
Malamnya, diadakan yudisium dan khutbatul wada’ (Khutbah
perpisahan) yang dipimpin oleh Kiai Rais. Kemudian siswa kelas enam berjabat
tangan dengan Kiai Rais dan para guru. Selanjutnya, giliran adik kelas mereka
memberikan selamat dan jabat tangan. Esok paginya, para alumni sudah siap
dengan koper masing-masing. Beberapa bus dengan tujuan masing-masing sudah
menunggu di depan aula. Ditengah kabut yang tipis, mereka sekali lagi
bersalaman dan berangkulan dan berjanji akan saling berkirim surat. Entah kapan
Alif akan melihat Sahibul Menara lainnya sebagai kawan-kawan terbaiknya lagi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Setelah 15 tahun masa-masa sulit di
Pondok Madani berlalu. Alif (Washington DC), Atang (Kairo), dan Raja (London)
dipertemukan kembali di London setelan 11 tahun dipisahkan. Keberadaan Sahibul
Menara yang lain yakni : Said meneruskan bisnis batik keluarga Jufri d Pasar
Ampel, Surabaya. Sesuai cita-cita mereka dulu, Said dan Dulmajid mendirikan
sebuah pondok dengan Semangat PM di Surabaya. Baso yang brilian ini kuliah di
Mekkah dengan modal hapal luar kepala segenap isi Al-Qur’an, dia mendapat beasiswa
penuh dari pemerintah Arab Saudi. Sedangkan, Atang telah delapan tahun menuntut
ilmu di Kairo dan sekarang menjadi mahasiswa program doktoral untuk ilmu hadits
di Universitas Al-Azhar. Sementara Raja telah 1 tahun tinggal di London,
setelah menyelesaikan hukum Islam dengan gelar License di Madinah.
Dia akan berada di London selama 2 tahun memenuhi undangan komunitas
Muslim Indonesia di kota ini untuk menjadi pembina agama. Alif sebagai wartawan
di Independence Avenue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dulu mereka melukis langit dan
membebaskan imajinasi itu lepas membumbung tinggi. Mereka tidak takut bermimpi,
walau sejujurnya juga mereka tidak tahu bagaimana merealisasikannya. Tapi
lihatlah hari ini. Setelah mereka mengerahkan segala ikhtiar dan menggenapkan
dengan doa, Tuhan mengirim benua impian ke pelukkan masing-masing. Mereka
berenam teral berada di lima negara yang berbeda. Di lima menara impian mereka.
Jangan pernah meremehkan impian, walau setinggi apapun. Tuhan sungguh Maha
Mendengar. Man Jadda wajada, siapa yang bersungguh-sungguh akan berhasil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <b>Kelebihan
:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Novel ini dapat dibaca oleh semua
kalangan. Gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam novel ini sangat menarik. Ringan,
deskriptif dan mengalir serta mampu memperkaya kosakata dan wawasan berbagai
macam daerah. Terdapat catatan kaki di bagian bawah yang menjelaskan arti dari
kata tersebut. Ungkapan-ungkapan dan peribahasa juga terdapat dalam novel
tersebut, salah satunya “Man Jadda Wajada” yang sering di cantumkan dan
membuat novel ini terkenang di hati pembaca. Pembaca tidak akan bosan membaca
kehidupan di Pondok karena penulis menggunak alur campuran. Penulis mengambil
setting Alif yang sudah bekerja lalu mulai masuk ke dalam ingatan-ingatan Alif
akan kehidupannya di Pondok Madani. Setelah cukup panjang menceritakan tentang
pondok, penulis beralih lagi ke kehidupan Alif sekarang. Bisa Mengubah pola
pikir kita tentang kehidupan pondok yang hanya belajar agama saja. Karena dalam
novel ini selain belajar ilmu agama, ternyata juga belajar ilmu umum seperti
bahasa inggris, arab, kesenian dll.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <b>Kelemahan
:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penulis kurang mampu memperlihatkan
dinamika dalam cerita. Klimaks cerita kurang menonjol sehingga para pembaca
merasa dinamika ceritaa sedikit datar. Setelah selesai membaca, pembaca merasa
cerita belum selesai setuntas-tuntasnya. Hal ini mungkin disebakan karena
penulis mendasarkan ceritanya pada kisah nyata dan tidak ingin
melebih-lebihkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-90676454727612096012013-03-06T00:51:00.001-08:002013-03-06T00:51:26.126-08:00Resensi Novel Perahu Kertas<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uTKqxnPt-UU/UTcDV71lLlI/AAAAAAAAAII/7JxpI8UhjxU/s1600/Perahu+Kertas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uTKqxnPt-UU/UTcDV71lLlI/AAAAAAAAAII/7JxpI8UhjxU/s320/Perahu+Kertas.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> A. Identitas
Novel<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Judul Buku : Perahu
Kertas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penulis : Dewi
Lestari (“Dee”)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Editor : Hermawan
Aksan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tanggal Terbit : Agustus
2009<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penerbit : Bentang
Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tebal : 444
Halaman, 20 cm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ISBN : 978-979-1227-78-0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <b>B. Tentang
Penulis<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dewi Lestari, yang bernama pena Dee,
lahir di Bandung, 20 Januari 1976. Novel Perahu Kertas ini sudah lebih dulu
dilansir dalam versi digital (WAP) pada April 2008, dan kini diterbitkan atas
kerja sama antara Truedee Books dan Bentang Pustaka.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Naskah yang awalnya ditulis pada
1996 dan sempat ‘mati suri’ selama 11 tahun ini akhirnya ditulis ulang oleh Dee
pada akhir 2007, menjadikan Perahu Kertas sebagai novel pertamanya yang
bergenre populer. Kecintaan Dee pada format cerbung dan komik drama serial
telah menginspirasinya untuk menulisskan cerita memikat ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perahu Kertas adalah karya Dee yang
keenam sesudah Supernova: Ksatria, Puteri, dan Bintang Jatuh, Supernova: Akar,
Supernova: Petir, Filosofi Kopi, dan Rectooverso. Kini, Dee dan keluarga
mungilnya menetap di Jakarta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> C. Sinopsis
Novel <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kugy adalah gadis mungil yang hobi
berkhayal atau berimajinasi. Dia sangat suka menuliskan dongeng ciptaannya. Ia
juga memiliki kegemaran yang unik yaitu menulis surat kepada Dewa Neptunus.
Surat tersebut dilipat menjadi perahu kertas dan dihanyutkan di sungai atau
laut. Kugy menganggap dirinya sebagai agen Neptunus.Kegemarannya dalam menulis
dongeng membawa dia pada Fakultas Sastra disebuah Universitas di Kota Bandung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Keenan merupakam sosok pria yang gemar
melukis. Keenan sempat menetap di Amsterdam bersama neneknya, sampai akhirnya
ia harus kembali ke Indonesia untuk meneruskan pendidikannya di bangku kuliah
disalah satu universitas di Kota Bandung. Keinginan ayahnya untuk mengarahkan
Keenan pada bidang bisnis mengalahkan keinginan Keenan untuk menjadi pelukis
handal, dan pada akhirnya mengantarkan ia ke Fakultas Ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kugy dan Keenan dipertemukan lewat
pasangan Eko dan Noni. Eko adalah sepupu Keenan, sementara Noni adalah sahabat
Kugy sejak kecil. Terkecuali Noni, mereka semua hijrah dari Jakarta, lalu
berkuliah di universitas yang sama di Bandung. Mereka berempat akhirnya
bersahabat karib.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Konflik mulai nampak Lambat
laun, Kugy dan Keenan, yang memang sudah saling mengagumi, mulai mengalami transformasi.
Diam-diam, tanpa pernah berkesempatan untuk mengungkapkan, mereka saling jatuh
cinta. Kondisi saat itu serba tidak memungkinkan. Kugy sudah punya kekasih,
cowok bernama Joshua atau ojos, panggilan kugy untuk Joshua. Ditambah
dengan noni yang merencanakan untuk menjodohkan kennan dengan seorang wanita
cantik yang merupakan sepupunya bernama wanda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Saat Kugy mengetahui hal tersebut,
ia merasakan cemburu namun ia juga berusaha untuk menampiknya karena ia telah
memiliki kekasih. Ia berusaha dengan berbagai cara agar keenan bisa menjadi
kekasihnya. Wanda berhasil membuat Keenan menjadi kekasihnya. Ketika kugy
mengetahui hal tersebut kugy merasa seperti ada sesuatu yang memukul hatinya.
Kugy tak tahu apa yang ia rasakan. Kugy bingung dengan perasaannya sendiri.
Disatu sisi, ia memiliki Ojos kekasihnya, namun disatu sisi ia mencintai
Keenan. Ojos mulai merasa Kugy sudah tak peduli lagi padanya. Hingga akhirnya,
hubungan mereka kandas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Persahabatan empat sekawan itu mulai
merenggang. Kugy mencari kesibukan baru, yaitu menjadi guru relawan di sekolah
darurat. Hubungan Keenan dengan Wanda pun kandas. Wanda merasa bahwa keenan
tidak memberikan hatinya sepenuhnya. Keenan yang merasa hancur akhirnya pindah
ke Ubud, tinggal di rumah Pak Wayan, yang merupakan sahabat ibunya. Di sana ia
bertemu dengan Luhde Laksmi, seiring waktu akhirnya mereka menjalin cinta. Kugy
akhirnya bekerja disebuah biro iklan di Jakarta sebagai copywriter. Ia bertemu
dengan Remigius, atasan sekaligus sahabat kakaknya. Keduanya pun saling jatuh
cinta. Sementara Keenan tidak dapat tinggal lagi di Bali, karena kondisi
kesehatan ayahnya yang semakin lama semakin menurun memaksanya untuk kembali ke
Jakarta dan harus menjalankan perusahaan sebagai pengganti ayahnya. Luhde
merasa hati Keenan tak sepenuhnya untuk dirinya dan Remi-pun juga merasa
seperti itu. Kugy dan Keenan pun akhirnya bertemu kembali di Jakarta dalam
suatu keadaan yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <b>D. Kelebihan
Novel :<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penulis dalam novel ini menggunakan
bahasa-bahasa yang komunikatif sehingga mudah dipahami oleh para pembacanya
dari berbagai kalangan. Selain itu, novel ini mengandung nilai-nilai yang
sangat penting untuk dijadikan sebagai pelajaran, seperti persahabatan,
percintaan, perjuangan, semangat dan impian yang dapat tercapai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> E. Kekurangan
Novel :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Akhir
cerita novel ini mudah ditebak oleh pembaca</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-16986657642360597962013-03-06T00:46:00.001-08:002013-03-06T00:46:16.219-08:00Resensi Novel Twilight<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yDFjfmo9T4U/UTcCExrQ_1I/AAAAAAAAAH8/twuPsQ7TUrU/s1600/Book_jacket_of_Twilight.jpeg.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yDFjfmo9T4U/UTcCExrQ_1I/AAAAAAAAAH8/twuPsQ7TUrU/s320/Book_jacket_of_Twilight.jpeg.jpeg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Judul : Twilight<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengarang : Stephanie Meyer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penerbit : PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tahun terbit : October 5, 2005<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jumlah halaman : 864<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">halaman Jenis buku : Novel Remaja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Isi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tentang tiga hal yang aku yakini
kebenarannya, pertama Edward adalah vampire. kedua, ada bagian dari dirinya
–yang aku tidak tahu seberapa dominan bagian itu– haus akan darahku dan yang
ketiga aku jatuh cinta padanya teramat dalam dan tanpa syarat”</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bella Swan, gadis cantik yang
memiliki masalah dalam kepercayaan diri dan koordinasi tubuhnya sendiri, baru
saja pindah dari Phoenix, Arizona yang mayoritas bercuaca panas ke Forks,
Washington yang mayoritas cuacanya hujan untuk tinggal bersama ayahnya,
Charlie, setelah ibunya, Renée, menikah dan tinggal bersama suami barunya,
Phil, seorang pemain bisbol. Setelah pindah ke Forks,Bella bertemu dengan anak
angkat keluaga Cullen. Emmet, Rossalie, Jasper, Alice dan Edward. walaupun
mereka tidak memiliki hubungan darah, namun mereka sangat mirip. empat saudara
dengan ketampanan dan kecantikan yang luar biasa, berkulit pucat,memiliki
keanggunan yang tidak tertandingi, dan kemisteriusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam kelas biologi, Bella tidak
memiliki pilihan kecuali harus duduk dengan Edward Cullen. respon Edward yang
amat sangat tidak ramah, membuat Bella merasa kalau Edward membencinya. selain
itu di hari pertama, Edward selalu menjaga jarak dengannya, menahan napas dan
selalu memandangi Bella dengan tatapan aneh. seperti sesuatu yang tidak enak
tercium dari diri Bella. Setelah itu Edward menghilang selama seminggu dan
membuat Bella makin merasa kalau pria itu sangat membencinya tanpa alasan yang
jelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Edward kembali muncul di kelas
biologi. Bagai memiliki kepribadian ganda, dia begitu ramah dan sopan kepada
Bella saat itu. gadis itu menyadari ada yang berubah pada diri Edward, yaitu
warna matanya. pertama kali ia melihat Edward, pria tampan itu memiliki warna
mata hitam kelam, dan sekarang warna matanya bagai emas cair dan berpendar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Suatu pagi, saat salju turun, Bella
hampir celaka karena salah satu van temannya –Tyler– hampir menggilas tubuh
gadis itu, kalau Edward tidak segera menolongnya. sebelumnya ia melihat Edward
berdiri tepat di samping mobilnya dan mengamatinya dari jarak yang cukup jauh.
namun tiba-tiba saat insiden itu terjadi, Edward sudah menolongnya dalam
gerakan yang amat cepat dan yang membuat Bella kaget, pada Van yang hampir
menabraknya pun terdapat sebuah lekukan misterius, seakan van tersebut telah
membentur benda yang sangat keras (bahu Edward). dan lengkukan aneh itu sangat
pas pada bahu Edward. Bella amat bingung dan yakin bahwa ada sesuatu pada diri
Edward yang menandakan bahwa mungkin dia bukan manusia biasa. seperti seorang
pahlawan –superhero– yang mungkin menurut teorinya terkena radioaktif atau
bahkan kryptonite. Bella yang selalu penasaran menanyakan hal itu pada Edward,
namun Edward tidak mau menjelaskannya dan kembali bersikap kasar dan semakin
menjaga jarak dengan Bella.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Setelah mendiamkan Bella selama
beberepa hari,Edward kembali bersikap baik dan sopan. Ia meminta maaf dan
mengatakan pada Bella bahwa sebaiknya mereka tidak usah berteman, karena
dirinya bukan orang yang baik dan bella menyangkalnya. Bella yakin bahwa Edward
berperilaku kasar padanya bukan karena ia jahat tapi karena ia menyembunyikan
sesuatu –seperti Edward memakai topeng–. Bella mengajak Edward untuk ikut
bersamanya dan teman-teman yang lain untuk pergi ke pantai reservasi suku
Quilute, first beach, La Push, namun dengan sopan Edward menolaknya dengan
alasan bahwa terlalu ramai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Di First Beach, Bella bertemu Jacob
Black. yang merupakan teman kecilnya yang 1 tahun beberapa bulan lebih muda,
namun Bella sudah lupa. Lauren, salah satu teman bella yang tidak terlalu suka
padanya mulai memprovokasikan tentang ‘mengapa Bella tidak mengajak Edward
Cullen’. Hal tersebut memancing salah satu teman Jacob Black menyinggung
tentang ‘Keluarga Cullen tidak datang kemari –reservasi suku Quileute–. Hal ini
menarik kecurigaan Bella. Gadis cerdik itu berusaha mangajak Jacob jalan-jalan
berdua dengannya lalu merayu Jacob agar mau menjelaskan maksud perkataan
temannya tadi. karena Jacob menganggap cerita tentang sukunya adalah suatu
khayalan yang konyol dan Bella pun berjanji tidak akan membocorkan ke siapa
pun, maka ia pun menceritakannya yaitu tentang legenda sukunya. Suku Quileute
adalah keturunan serigala dan mempunyai satu-satunya musuh yaitu vampir.
Menurut kepercayaan mereka hal itu berhubungan erat dengan keluarga Cullen
dimana keluarga Cullen adalah vampir-vampir yang membuat perjanjian dengan
kakeknya Jacob –Efraim Black– untuk tidak pernah menginjakkan kakinya ke daerah
sukunya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Di rumah, Bella mencari -cari
informasi tentang Vampir karena diapun belum percaya sepenuhnya, namun ia hanya
menemukan kecocokan dengan apa yang diceritakan Jacob. hingga cerita seram itu
menghantui mimpinya. Ia pun melihat Edward berkilauan, memiliki taring dan
dengan sorot mata berbahaya sedang memanggilnya. namun Bella sama sekali tidak
takut dan saat itulah Jacob muncul. secara tiba-tiba jacob berubah menjadi
serigala kecoklatan yang sangat besar dan menerkam Edward. Saat terbangun dari
mimpi buruk itu, Bella sadar, bahwa ia tidak bisa kehilangan Edward. dan apapun
sebenarnya Edward itu tidaklah penting baginya. keesokan harinya, adalah pagi
yang cerah bagi forks. matahari bersinar terang dan tanpa mendung, dan keluarga
cullen menghilang. Saat itulah Bella menunggu di taman sekolah, tapi Angela pun
memberitahukan padanya kalau setiap cuaca cerah, keluarga Cullen tidak akan
muncul karena mereka –seluruh keluarga Cullen– pergi Hiking.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bella sudah lama ingin membeli
beberapa buku. Kebetulan Angela dan Jessica ingin pergi ke Port Angels, ia pun
ikut serta. Pertama ia menemani Angela dan Jessica ke toko baju –Angela
memintanya untuk memberi masukan terhadap apa yang akan mereka beli– , lalu
setelah selesai memilih baju, sepatu dan pernak-pernik lainnya, Bella
memisahkan diri dari mereka untuk pergi ke toko buku. Namun toko buku itu
ternyata tidak seperti yang ia harapkan –terlalu misterius dan tidak mungkin
menjual buku yang ia cari– maka ia pun beranjak dari toko itu untuk
mencari-cari toko buku yang lain. Bukannya menemukan yang ia cari, malah ia
tersesat dan bahaya pun mendatanginya. Ia diganggu oleh beberapa preman yang
sedang mabuk. Mereka menjebaknya hingga sampai pada tempat dimana ia ttidak
bisa melarikan diri lagi. Saat terjepit itulah Bella memikirkan strategi apa
saja yang bisa menolong dia –seperti menendang tulang selangka atau meniju
wajah para preman itu karena mau lari pun pasti ia jatuh sedangkan berteriak ia
tak sanggup mengeluarkan suara karena tenggorokannya tercekat–. Saat itulah
tiba-tiba Edward datang dengan Volvo silvernya, melaju kencang dan tiba-tiba
berhenti di depan para preman itu. Pintu penumpangnmya dibuka dan Edward
menyuruh Bella masuk. Demikianlah Edward menyelamatkan Bella lagi. Bella menatap
wajah edward yang kelihatan sangat kalut berbahayadan mengancam, namun Edward
meminta Bella untuk mengalihkan perhatiannya. Bella menyinggung tentang ia akan
membunuh Tyler dengan menabrakkan mobilnya ke van Tyler karena ia selalu
mengganggu Bella akibat rasa bersalahnya menabrak Bella tempo hari. Hal itu pun
berhasil mengalihkan perhatian Edward. Mereka kembali ke toko Port Angels
setelah Edward suasana hati Edward agak terkendali dan menemui kedua teman
Bella. Berhubung Jessica dan Angela telah selesai makan direstoran, Edward pun
meminta izin pada mereka untuk mengajak Bella makan malam karena ia khawatir
akan Bella. Pada saat di restoran, para pelayan terkagum-kagum akan ketampanan
Edward dan mulai merayunya. Edward pun tidak mengidahkan pelayan tersebut,
matanya hanya terpaku pada Bella saja. Ia meminta tempat duduk yang bersifat
privasi. Saat memesan makanan, Edward memesan dua Coke –yang kedua-duanya
disodorkan kepada Bella juga–, Bella pun memesan Mashroom Raviolli dan
memakannya sekalian meminta penjelasan yang masuk alak terhadap Edward tentang
hal-hal mengejutkan yang selalu ia lakukan untuk menyelamatkan hidup Bella.
Dengan desakan Bella, Edward menceritakan bagaimana caranya menemukan Bella
yaitu dengan membaca pikiran dan mengikuti aromanya. Ia pun mengaku kalau ia
tak bisa lagi menjauh dari Bella karena ia merasa tidak sanggup lagi untuk
berpura-pura di depan Bella. Ia pun menjelaskan cara kerja bakat yang
dimilikinya pada Bella dan meminta Bella memberitahu apa yang ada di benaknya
–Edward tidak bisa membaca pikiran Bella–. Sebagai imbalannya ia meminta Bella
menceritakan suatu teori baru tentangnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dan Bella mengutarakan apa yang di
ketahuinya dari Jacob tentang Legenda suku Quileute dan segala yang
diberitahukan Jacob padanya. Edward menegang dan terpaksa mengakui kebenaran
dari cerita itu. Edward adalah seorang Vampir, keluarganya adalah keluarga
vampir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“aku adalah predator terbaik di
seluruh dunia. Segala sesuatu tentang diriku menarik dirimu. suaraku, wajahku,
bahkan aromaku. Seolah-olah aku perlu semua itu! Seperti kau bisa berlari lebih
cepat daripada diriku saja!Seperti kau bisa melawanku saja” (edward cullen)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kelebihan:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Banyak hal yang menarik yang
diceritakan dalam novel ini. Kisah cinta yang tulus, cinta sejati dan romantis.
Berbagai karakter tokoh digambarkan dalam novel tersebut. Dimana setiap tokoh
masing-masing mempunyai peran dan bakat kelebihan yang unik. Cerita novel ini
berkaitan dan bagus. Suasana yang digambarkan dalam novel ini jelas, sehingga
para pembaca dapat dengan mudah berimajinasi melalui cerita yang dikisahkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kekurangan:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam novel ini tidak diceritakan
sudut pandang tokoh Edward.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-64331123711832920622013-03-05T23:14:00.003-08:002013-03-06T00:37:09.905-08:00Sistem Hukum Internasional<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">A. Makna Hukum
Internasional</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut Mochtar Kusumaatmaja, Hukum
Internasional adalah keseluruhan kaidah dan asas yang mengatur hubungan atau
persoalan yang melintasi batas Negara, antara Negara dengan Negara, dan Negara
dengan subyek hukum internasional bukan Negara, atau antar subyek hukum internasional
bukan Negara satu sama lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum Internasional digolngkan menjadi hukum
Internasional Publik dengan hukum perdata internasional. Hukum
Internasional Publik atau hukum antar negara, adalah asas dan kaidah hukum yang
mengatur hubungan atau persoalan yang bersifat pidana, sedangkan hukuk perdata
internasional atau hukum antar bangsa, yang mengatur masalah perdata lintas
Negara (perkawinan antar warga Negara suatu Negara dengan warga Negara lain).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Wiryono Prodjodikoro, Hukum Internasional adalah hukum yang mengatur
prthubungan hukum antara berbagai bangsa di berbagai Negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
J.G.Starke menyatakan, Hukum Internasional adalah sekumpulan hukum (body of
low) yang sebagian besar terdiri dari asas-asas dank arena itu biasanya ditaati
dalam hubungan antar Negara.</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">B. Asas – asas
hukum Internasional</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Menurut Resolusi majelis Umum PBB No. 2625 tahun 1970, ada tujuh asas, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Setiap Negara tidak melakukan ancaman agresi
terhadap keutuhan wilayah dan kemerdekaan Negara
lain. Dalam asas ini ditekankan bahwa
setiap Negara tidak memberikan ancaman dengan kekuatan militer dan tidak
melakukan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan piagam PBB.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. setiap Negara harus
menyelesaikan masalah internasional dengan cara damai, Dalam asas ini setiap
Negara harus mencari solusi damai, menghendalikan diri dari tindakan yang dapat
membahayakan perdamaian internasional.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Tidak melakukan intervensi terhadap urusan
dalam negeri Negara lain, Dalam asas ini menekankan setip Negara memiliki hak
untuk memilih sendiri keputusan politiknya, ekonomi, social dan system budaya
tanpa intervensi pihak lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Negara wajib menjalin kerjasama dengan
Negara lain berdasar pada piagam PBB, kerjasama itu dimaksudkan untuk
menciptakan perdamaian dan keamanan internasional di bidang Hak asasi manusia,
politik, ekonomi, social budaya, tekhnik, perdagangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5. Asas persaman hak dan penentuan nasib
sendiri, kemerdekaan dan perwujudan kedaulatan suatu Negara ditentukan oleh
rakyat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6. Asas persamaan kedaulatan dari Negara,
Setiap Negara memiliki persamaan kedaulatan secara umum sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> a.
Memilki persamaan Yudisial (perlakuan Hukum).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> b.
Memilikimhak penuh terhadap kedaulatan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> c.
Setiap Negara menghormati kepribadian Negara lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> d.
Teritorial dan kemerdekanan politi suatu Negara adalah tidak dapat diganggu
gugat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e. Setap Negara bebas untuk membangun system
politik, soaial, ekonomi dan sejarah</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">bansanya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">f. Seiap Negara wajib untuk hidup damai dengan
Negara lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 7. Setiap Negara harus dapat
dipercaya dalam memenuhi kewajibannya, pemenuhan kewajiban itu harus sesuai
dengan ketentuan hukum internasional.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">B. Subyek Hukum Internasional</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adalah pihak-pihak yang membawa hak dan
kewajiban hukum dalam pergaulan internasional. Menurut <i>Starke</i>,
subyek internasional termasuk Negara, tahta suci, Palang merah Internasional,
Organisasi internasional, Orang perseorangan (individu), Pemberontak dan
pihak-pihak yang bersengketa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Negara, negara sudah diakui sebagi subyek hukum internasional sejak adanya
hukum international, bahkan hukum international itu disebut sebagai hukum
antarnegara.</span></div>
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Tahta Suci (Vatikan) Roma Italia, Paus bukan saja kepoala gereja tetapi
memiliki kekuasaan duniawi, Tahta Suci menjadi subyek hukum Internasional dalam
arti penuh karena itu satusnya setara dengan Negara dan memiliki perwakilan
diplomatic diberbagai Negara termasuk di Indonesia.</span></div>
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Palang Merah Internasional, berkedudukan di jenewa dan menjadi subyek hukum
internasional dalam arti terbatas, karena misi kemanusiaan yang diembannya.</span></div>
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Organisasi Internasional, PBB, ILO memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang
ditetapkan dalam konvensi-konvensi internasional, sehingga menjadi subyek hukum
internasional.</span></div>
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Orang persorangan (Individu), dapat menjadi subyek internasional dalam arti
terbatas, sebab telah diatur dalam perdamaian <i>Persailes</i> 1919 yang
memungkinkan orang perseorangan dapat mengajukan perkara ke hadapat Mahkamah
Arbitrase Internasional.</span></div>
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Pemberontak dan pihak yang bersengketa, dalam keadaan tertentu pemberontak
dapat memperoleh kedudukan dan hak sebagai pihak yang bersengketa dan mendapat
pengakuan sedbagai gerakan pembebasan dalam memuntut hak kemerdekaannya.
Contoh PLO <i>(Palestine Liberalism Organization) </i>atau Gerakan Pembebasan
Palestina.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">C.
Sumber-Sumber Internasional</span></div>
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Adalah
sumber-sumber yang digunakan oleh Mahkamah Internasional dalam memutuskan
masalah-masalah hubungan internasional. Sumber hukum internasional
dibedakan menjadi sumber hukumdalam arti materil dan formal. Dalam arti
materil, adalah sumber hukum internasional yang membahas dasar berlakunya hukum
suatu Negara. Sedangkan sumber hukum formal, adalah sumber dari mana
untuk mendapatkan atau menemukan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum internasional.</span></div>
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Menurut <i>Brierly,</i> sumber hukum internasional dalam arti formal merupakan
sumber yang paling utama dan memiliki otoritas tertinggi dan otentik yang
dipakai Mahkamah internasional dalam memutuskan suatu sengketa internasional.</span></div>
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Sumber hukum internasional formal terdapat dalam pasal 38 Piagam Mahkamah
Internasional Permanen 1920, sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Perjanjian Internasional <i>(traktat)</i>,
adalah perjanjian yang diadakan antaranggota masyarakat bangsa-bangsa dan
mengakibatkan hukum baru.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Kebiasaan Internasional yang diterima
sebagai hukum, jadi tidak semua kebiasaan internasional menjadi sumber
hukum. Syaratnya adalah kebiasann itu harus bersifat umum dan diterima
sebagi hukum.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Asas-asas hukum umum yang diakui oleh bangsa
beradab, adalah asas hukum yang mendasari system hukum modern. Sistem
hukum modern, adalah system hukum positif yang didasarkan pada lembagaa
hukum barat yang berdasarkan sebagaian besar pada asas hukum Romawi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Keputusan-keputusan hakim dan ajaran para
ahli hukum Internasional,adalah sumber hukum tambahan (subsider), artinya dapat
dipakai untuk membuktikan adanya kaidah hukum internasional mengenai suatu
persoalan yang didasarkan pada sumber hukum primer atau utama yaitu Perjanjian
internasional, kebiasaan internasional, dan asas hukum umum.</span></div>
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Yang disebut denga keputusan hakim, adalah keputusan pengadilan dalam arti luas
yang meliputi segala macam peradilan internasional dan nasional, termasuk
mahkamah arbitrase. Ajaran para ahli hukum internasional itu tidak
bersifat mengikat, artinya tidak dapat menimbulkan suatu kaidah hukum.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">D. Lembaga Peradilan Internasional </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 1. Mahkamah
Internasional :</span></div>
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Mahkamah internasional adalah lembaga kehakiman PBB berkedudukan di Den Haag,
Belanda. Didirikan pada tahun 1945 berdasarkan piagam PBB, berfungsi sejak
tahun 1946 sebagai pengganti dari Mahkamah Internasional Permanen.</span></div>
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Mahkamah Internasional terdiri dari 15 hakim, dua merangkap ketua dan wakil
ketua, masa jabatan 9 tahun. Anggotanya direkrut dari warga Negara
anggota yang dinilai cakap di bidang hukum internasional. Lima berasal
dari Negara anggota tetap Dewan Keamanan PBB seperti Cina, Rusia, Amerika serikat,
Inggris dan Prancis.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Mahkamah Internasional:</span></div>
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Adalah menyelesaikan kasus-kasus persengketaan internasional yang subyeknya
adalah Negara. Ada 3 kategori Negara, yaitu :</span></div>
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Negara anggota PBB, otomatis dapat mengajukan kasusnya ke Mahkamah
Internasional.</span></div>
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Negara bukan anggota PBB yang menjadi wilayah kerja Mahkamah
intyernasional. Dan yang bukan wilayah kerja Mahkamah Internasional boleh
mengajukan kasusnya ke Mahkamah internasional dengan syarat yang ditentukan
dewan keamanan PBB.</span></div>
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Negara bukan wilayah kerja (statute) Mahkamah internasional, harus membuat
deklarasi untuk tunduk pada ketentuan Mahjkamah internasional dan Piagam PBB.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Yuridikasi Mahkamah Internasional :</span></div>
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Adalah kewenangan yang dimilki oleh Mahkamah Internasional yang bersumber pada
hukum internasional untuk meentukan dan menegakkan sebuah aturan hukum.
Kewenangan atau <i>Yuridiksi</i> ini meliputi:</span></div>
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Memutuskan perkara-perkara pertikaian (<i>Contentious Case</i>).</span></div>
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Memberikan opini-opini yang bersifat nasehat (Advisory Opinion).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yuridikasi
menjadi dasar Mahkamah internasional dalam menyelesaikan sengketa
Internasional. Beberapa kemungkinan Cara penerimaan Yuridikasi sbb :</span></div>
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Perjanjian khusus, dalam mhal ini para pihak yang bersengketa perjanjian khusus
yang berisi subyek sengketa dan pihak yang bersengketa. Contoh kasus
Indonesia degan Malaysia mengenai Pulau Sipadan dan Pulau Ligitan.</span></div>
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Penundukan diri dalam perjanjian internasional, Para pihak yang sengketa menundukkan
diri pada perjanjian internasional diantara mereka, bila terjadi sengketa
diantara para peserta perjanjian.</span></div>
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Pernyataan penundukan diri Negara peserta statute Mahkamah internasional,
mereka tunduk pada Mahkamah internasional, tanpa perlu membuat
perjanjiankhusus.</span></div>
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Keputusan Mahkamah internasional Mengenai yuriduksinya, bila terjadi sengketa
mengenai yuridikasi Mahkamah Internasional maka sengketa tersebut diselesaikan
dengan keputusan Mahkamah Internasional sendiri.</span></div>
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Penafsiran Putusan, dilakukan jika dimainta oleh salah satu atau pihak yang
bersengketa. Penapsiran dilakukan dalambentuk perjanjian pihak
bersengketa.</span></div>
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Perbaikan putusan, adanya permintaan dari pihak yang bersengketa karena adanya
fakta baru (novum) yang belum duiketahui oleh Mahkamah Internasional.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Mahkamah Pidana Internasional :</span></div>
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Bertujuan untuk mewujudkan supremasi hukum internasional dan memastikan pelaku
kejahatan internasional. Terdiri dari 18 hakim dengan masa jabatan 9
tahun dan ahli dibidang hukum pidana internasional. Yuridiksi atau
kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh Mahkamah Pidana Internasional adalah memutus
perkara terhadap pelaku kejahatan berat oleh warga Negara dari Negara yang telah
meratifikasi Statuta Mahkamah.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Panel Khusus dan Spesial Pidana
internasional :</span></div>
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Adalah lembaga peradilan internasional yang berwenang mengadili para tersangka
kejahatan berat internasional yang bersifat tidak permanen atau sementara (ad hoc)
dalam arti setelah selesai mengadili maka peradilan ini dibubarkan.
Yuridiksi atau kewenangan darai Panel khusus dan special pidana internasional
ini, adalah menyangkut tindak kejahatan perang dan genosida (pembersihan etnis)
tanpa melihat apakah Negara dari si pelaku itu telah meratifikasi atau belum
terhadap statute panel khusus dan special pidana internasional ini.
Contoh Special Court for East Timor dan Indonesia membentuk Peradilan HAM
dengan UU No. 26 tahun 2000.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">D. Sebab-sebab terjadinya Sengketa
Internasional</span></div>
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Sengketa internasional (International despute), adalah perselisihan yang
terjadi antara Negara dengan Negara, Negara dengan individu-individu, atau
Negara dengan lembaga internasional yang menjadi subyek hukum internasional.</span></div>
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Sebab-sebab sengketa
internasional :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 1. Salah satu pihak tidak memenuhi
kewajibannya dalam mperjanjiann internasional.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 2. Perbedaan penafsiran mengenai
isi perjanjian internasional</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 3. Perebutan sumber-sumber ekonomi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 4. Perebutan pengaruh ekonomi,
politik, atau keamanan regional dan internasional.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 5. Adanya intervensi terhadap
kedayulatan Negara lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> 6. Penghinaan terhadap harga diri
bangsa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">E. Cara penyelesaian Sengketa internasional</span></div>
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Ada dua cara penyelesaian segketa internasional, yaitu secara damai dan paksa,
kekerasan atau perang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Penyelesaian secara damai, meliputi :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Arbitrase,
yaitu penyelesaian sengketa internasional dengan cara menyerahkannya kepada
orang tertentu atau Arbitrator, yang dipilih secara bebas oleh mereka yang
bersengketa, namun keputusannya harus sesuai dengan kepatutan dan keadilan ( <i>ex
aequo et bono</i>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Prosedur penyelesaiannya, adalah :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
1. Masing-masing Negara yang bersengketa menunjuk dua arbitrator, satu boleh</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
berasal dari warga negaranya sendiri.</span></div>
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2. Para arbitrator tersebut memilih seorang wasit sebagai ketua dari pengadilan</span></div>
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Arbitrase tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
3. Putusan melalui suara terbanyak.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Penyelesaian
Yudisial, adalah penyelesaian sengketa internasional melalui suatu pengadilan
internasional dengan memberlakukan kaidah-kaidah hukum.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Negosiasi,
tidak seformal <i>arbitrase dan Yudisial</i>. Terlebih dahulu dilakukan
konsultasi dan komunikasi agar negosiasi dapat berjalan semestinya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Jasa-jasa
baik atau mediasi, yaitu cara penyelesaian sengketa internasional dimana Negara
mediator bersahabat dengan para pihak yang bersengketa, dan membantu
penyelesaian sengketanya secara damai. Contoh Dewan Keamanan PBB dalam
penyelesaian konplik Indonesia Belanda tahu 1947. Dalam penyelesaina dengan
Jasa baik pihak ketiga menawarkan penyelesaian, tapi dalam Penyelesaian secara
Mediasi, pihak mediator berperan lebih aktif dan mengarahkan pihak yang bersengketa
agar penyelesaian dapat tercapai.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Konsiliasi,
dalam arti luas adalah penyelesaian sengketa denga bantuan Negara-negara lain
atau badan-badan penyelidik dan komite-komite penasehat yang tidak
berpihak. Konsiliasi dalam arti sempit, adalah suatu penyelesaian
sengketa internasional melalui komisi atau komite dengan membuat laporan atau
ussul penyelesaian kepada pihak sengketa dan tidak mengikat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Penyelidikan,
adalah biasanya dipakai dalam perselisioshan batas wilayah suatu Negara dengan
menggunakan fakta-fakta untuk memperlancar perundingan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Penyelesian
PBB, Dididrikan pada tanggal 24 Oktober 1945 sebagai pengganti dari LBB (liga
Bangsa-Bangsa), tujuan PBB adalah menyelesaikan sengketa internasional secara
damai dan menghindari ancaman perang.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Penyelesaian secara pakasa, kekerasan atau perang :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Perang
dan tindakan bersenjata non perang, bertujuan untuk menaklukkan Negara lawan
dan membebankan syarat penyelesaian kepada Negara lawan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Retorsi,
adalah pembalasan dendam oleh suatu Negara terhadap tindakan – tindakan tidak
pantas yang dilakukan Negara lain. Contoh menurunkan status hubungan
diplomatic, atau penarika diri dari kesepakatan-kresepakatan fiscal dan bea
masuk.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Tindakan-tindakan
pembalasan, adalah cara penyelesaian sengketa internasional yang digunakan
suatu Negara untuk mengupayakan memperoleh ganti rugi dari Negara lain.
Adanya pemaksaan terhadap suatu Negara.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Blokade
secara damai. Adalah tindakan yang dilakukan pada waktu damai, tapi merupakan
suartu pembalasan. Misalnya permintaan ganti rugi atas pelabuhan yang di
blockade oleh Negara lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Intervensi
(campur tangan),adalah campur tanagn terhadap kemerdekaan politik tertentu
secara sah dan tidak melanggar hukum internasional. Contohnya :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Intervensi kolektif sesuai dengan
piagam PBB.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Intervesi untuk melindungi hak-hak dan
kepentingan warga negaranya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Pertahanan diri.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Negara yang menjadi obyek intervensi
dipersalahkan melakukan pelanggaran </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> berat terhadap hukum
internasional.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">F. Penyelesaian
melalui Mahkamah internasional </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
Ada dua mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa internasional melalui Mahkamah
internasional, yaitu mekanisme normal dan khusus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Mekanisme Normal :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Penyerahan perjanjian khusus yng berisi
tdentitas para pihak dan pokok persoalan sengketa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Pembelaan tertulis, berisi fakta, hukum yang
relevan, tambahan fakta baru, penilakan atas fakta yang disebutkan dan berisi
dokumen pendukung.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Presentasi pembelaan bersifat terbuka dan
umum atautertutup tergantung pihak sengketa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Keputusan bersifat menyetujui dan
penolakan. Kasus internasional dianggap selesai apa bila :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Para
pihak mencapai kesepakatan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Para
pihak menarik diri dari prose persidangan Mahkamah internasional.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="12" /> Mahkamah
internasional telah memutus kasus tersebut berdasarkan pertimbangan dan telah
dilakukan ssuai proses hukum internasional yang berlaku.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Mekanisme Khusus :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Keberatan awal karena ada keberatan dari
pihak sengketa Karen mahkamah intrnasional dianggap tidak memiliki yusidiksi
atau kewenangan atas kasus tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Ketidak hadiran salah satu pihak yang
bersengketa, biasanya dilakukan oleh Negara tergugat atau respondent karena
menolak yuridiksi Mahkamah Internasional.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Keputusan sela, untuk memberikan
perlindungan terhadap subyek persidangan, supaya pihak sengketa tidak melakukan
hal-hal yang mengancah efektivitas persidangan Mahkamah internasional.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Beracara bersama, beberapa pihak disatukan
untuk mengadakan sidang bersama karena materi sama terhadap lawan yang sama.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5. Intervensi, mahkamah internasional
memberikan hak kepada Negara lain yang tidak terlibat dalam sengketa
untuk me;lakkan intervensi atas sengketa yangsedang disidangkan bahwa dengan
keputusan Mahkamah internasional ada kemungkinan Negara tersebut dirugikan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">G. Contoh
Keputusan/kasus Mahkamah Internasioanal</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Amerika serikat di Filipina : tahun 1906 tentara AS melakukan pembunuhan warga
Filipina, membunuh dan membakar 600 rakyat desa itu. Para pelakunya telah di
sidang di pengadilan militer amun banyak yang dibebaskan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Amerika serikat di Cina : pada tahun 1968 terjadi pristiwa <i>My lai Massacre</i>.
Kompi Amerika menyapu warga desa denga senjata otomatis dan menewaskan
500 orang. Pra pelakunya telah disidang dan dihukum.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Amerika serikat di Jepang : pada tahun 1945 lebih dari 40.000 rakyat Jepang
meninggal akibat Bom Atom.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Pembersihan etnis yahudi oleh Nazi Di jerman atas pimpinan Adolf Hitler,
Mahkamah Internasional telah mengadili dan menhukum pelaku.</span></div>
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Jepang banyak membunuh rakyat Indonesia dengan Kerja paksa dan 10.000 rakyat
Indonesia hilang. Pengadilan internasional telah dijalankan dan menghukum
para penjahatnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
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Serbia di Bosnia dan Kroasia: anatar 1992-1995 pembersihan etnis kroasia dan
Bosnia oleh Kroasia danmembunuh sekitar 700.000 warga Bosnia dan
Kroasia. Para penjahat perangnya sampai sekarang masih menjalani proses
persidangan di Den Haag,Belanda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
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Pemerintah Rwanda terhadap etniks Hutu : Selama tiga bulan di tahu 1994
antara 500 samapai 1 juta orang etnis Hutu dan Tutsi telah dibunuh ioleh
pemerintah Rwanda. PBB menggelar pengadilan kejahatan perang di Arusha Tanzania
dan hanya menyeret 29 penjahat perangnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
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Indonesia dengan Malaysia terhadap kasus Pulau sipadan dan Ligitan, dan
Mahkamah internasional memenangkan pihak Malaysia pada ahun 2003.
Malaysia adalah pemilik ke dua pulau tersebut. Indonesia
menghormatikeputusan tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
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Kasaus Timor TImur diselesaikan secara Intrnasional dengan referendum.
Dan sejak tahun 1999 Timor-Timur berdiri sebagai sebuah Negara bernama <i>Republik
Tomor Lorosae /Timor Leste</i>.</span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-63173146519684351112013-03-05T23:07:00.001-08:002013-03-05T23:07:36.773-08:00Keseimbangan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keseimbangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">merupakan konsep yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan
kenyamanan hidup manusia. Dalam tubuh manusia saja konsep keseimbangan itu
ada. Manusia bisa berjalan dengan baik salah satunya ada konsep
keseimbangan. Lalu bagaimana kita mempelajari keseimbangan dalam kehidupan?
Mari simak kajian menurut ilmu fisika berikut ini:</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A. Keseimbangan Partikel</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Suatu partikel disebut dalam keadaan seimbang, bila jumlah aljabar gaya-gaya
yang bekerja pada partikel tersebut nol.<br />
Syarat keseimbangan partikel adalah : F = 0<br />
Jika partikel terletak pada bidang XY maka syarat keseimbangan : FX = 0 dan FY
= 0</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Momen Gaya</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Momen gaya adalah perkalian silang antara gaya dengan lengan momen.<br />
Lengan momen didefinisikan sebagai panjang garis yang ditarik dari titik poros
sampai memoton tegak lurus garis kerja gaya.<br />
Momen gaya yang searah gerak jarum jam diberi tanda positif, sedangkan momen
gaya yang berlawanan arah gerak jarum jam diberi tanda negatif.<br />
Apabila pada sebuah benda bekerja beberapa buah gaya, maka resultan momen
gayanya merupakan<br />
jumlah aljabar dari masing-masing momen gaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kopel dan Momen Kopel</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Kopel adalah pasangan dua buah gaya yang sejajar, sama besar dan berlawanan
arah. Kopel yang bekerja pada suatu benda tidak menyebabkan benda itu bergerak
translasi, tetapi hanya menyebabkan benda berputar terhadap porosnya.<br />
Momen kopel adalah perkalian silang antara gaya dengan jarak tegak lurus antara
kedua garis kerja gaya tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M = F x l</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B. Syarat keseimbangan statik benda
tegar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Suatu benda tegar berada dalam keseimbangan statik bila dipenuhi resultan gaya
dan resultan momen gaya terhadap satu titik sembarang sama dengan nol dan benda
dalam keadaan diam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Titik Berat</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Tiap benda terdiri atas bagian-bagian kecil yang masing-masing memiliki berat.
Apabila seluruh bagian-bagian kecil tersebut dijumlah akan didapat sebuah gaya
berat. Titik tangkap gaya berat suatu benda disebut titik berat. Titik berat
tidak selalu bekerja di dalam benda, tetapi dapat pula bekerja di luar benda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C. Macam-macam Keseimbangan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Jenis keseimbangan statis dapat dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keseimbangan stabil (Mantap)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
adalah keseimbangan yang dialami benda jika setelah gangguan kecil yang dialami
benda dihilangkan maka benda kembali ke posisi keseimbangannya semula.
Keseimbangan stabil dapat dipandang sebagai keseimbangan yang dimiliki benda
jika gangguan kecil yang dialaminya menaikkan titik beratnya atau energi
potensialnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keseimbangan labil ( Goyah )</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
adalah keseimbangan yang dialami benda jika setelah gangguan kecil yang dialami
benda dihilangkan maka benda tidak kembali keposisi keseimbangannya semula
melainkan meningkatkan gangguan tersebut. Keseimbangan labil dapat dipandang
sebagai keseimbangan yang dimiliki benda jika gangguan kecil yang dialaminya
menurunkan titik beratnya atau energi potensialnya.<br />
<b><br />
Keseimbangan Indiferent (Netral)</b><br />
adalah keseimbangan yang dialami benda, jika gangguan kecil yang dialami benda
tidak mengubah posisi benda.<br />
Keseimbangan Indiferent dapat dipandang sebagai keseimbangan yang dimiliki
benda, jika gangguan kecil tidak mengubah letak titik beratnya.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-19410070715059432172013-03-04T01:33:00.001-08:002013-03-05T22:17:14.154-08:00circulatory system<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<a href="http://www.google.co.id/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FI6VpHqSQC4/TDFSuJMFk_I/AAAAAAAAABI/hCl-aoaKC3U/s1600/sel.jpg&sa=X&ei=nEiJUPSFG8rwrQeCyoDoBw&ved=0CAsQ8wc4CQ&usg=AFQjCNFIEdlhyD4CFA1peCbfd0fgWLicJA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f"
stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
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<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
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<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
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</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FI6VpHqSQC4/TDFSuJMFk_I/AAAAAAAAABI/hCl-aoaKC3U/s320/sel.jpg&sa=X&ei=nEiJUPSFG8rwrQeCyoDoBw&ved=0CAsQ8wc4CQ&usg=AFQjCNFIEdlhyD4CFA1peCbfd0fgWLicJA"
href="http://www.google.co.id/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FI6VpHqSQC4/TDFSuJMFk_I/AAAAAAAAABI/hCl-aoaKC3U/s1600/sel.jpg&sa=X&ei=nEiJUPSFG8rwrQeCyoDoBw&ved=0CAsQ8wc4CQ&usg=AFQjCNFIEdlhyD4CFA1peCbfd0fgWLicJA"
style='width:240pt;height:164.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title="sel"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Have you ever seen people who are
doing donor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood? Or you yourself have ever
done? Blood donors are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">the process of taking blood from the
body to a certain amount for<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">transferred to the body of another
person with the same blood type.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood is one of the components of
the circulatory system (circulatory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">blood) is very important. Blood and
circulatory system have<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">function as follows.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Circulating nutrients (nutrients)
of the digestive system<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">food to all body cells<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Transport oxygen from the lungs
to cells throughout the body, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">transport of carbon dioxide from the
body cells to the lungs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Transport of metabolic waste from
the body cells to the organs of excretion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(expenses)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Transport of hormones from endocrine
glands to cells or tissues<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">target<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5. Helps the body's fluid balance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6. Help in regulating body
temperature<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Composition
of Blood<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">You must have seen the blood. Did
you know the composition of blood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The? The composition of the blood
can be obtained by rotating the blood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">in a tube at high speed. Blood
screening process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">is called centrifugation. From the
results of centrifugation, the blood will<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">separated into two parts, namely a
solid bottom and parts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">the liquid. The liquid at the top is
a blood plasma (55%),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">while the bottom there is blood
cells (45%).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a. Blood plasma<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood plasma fills about 55% of the
total blood volume. wrong<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">the function of blood plasma that
regulate blood osmotic balance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">in the body. In humans, blood plasma
is composed of water (90%) and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">soluble materials (10%). Here is the
composition of blood plasma and its<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b. Blood Cells<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">There are about 45% of the blood
cells in the blood. Blood cells<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">composed of red blood cells
(erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">and platelets (thrombocytes). To
better understand the composition of the cells to<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">blood in the human body<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.google.co.id/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Wf8afwqbm4Q/TM1PAF2wzcI/AAAAAAAAANI/JvQB9EwVNq0/s1600/struktur-darah.jpg&sa=X&ei=GEmJUISKGInLrQfC9oHwBQ&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNGoX880luUnjS6qkkr5d5ZmXXXkcQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Wf8afwqbm4Q/TM1PAF2wzcI/AAAAAAAAANI/JvQB9EwVNq0/s320/struktur-darah.jpg&sa=X&ei=GEmJUISKGInLrQfC9oHwBQ&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNGoX880luUnjS6qkkr5d5ZmXXXkcQ"
href="http://www.google.co.id/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Wf8afwqbm4Q/TM1PAF2wzcI/AAAAAAAAANI/JvQB9EwVNq0/s1600/struktur-darah.jpg&sa=X&ei=GEmJUISKGInLrQfC9oHwBQ&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNGoX880luUnjS6qkkr5d5ZmXXXkcQ"
style='width:240pt;height:175.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg"
o:title="struktur-darah"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1) Red blood
cells<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry
or circulate function<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">oxygen and carbon dioxide. The
ability of the oxygen and carbon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dioxide by red blood cells is due to
hemoglobin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hemoglobin is a protein that has a
strong holding capacity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">O2 and CO2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.google.co.id/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://tfakhrizalspd.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/blood-cells-smear.gif?w=510&sa=X&ei=7UiJUJSmEortrQerlYGgAg&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNGAkBmD_34ir5J6WckoirYt6mxlvQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.google.co.id/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://tfakhrizalspd.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/blood-cells-smear.gif?w=510&sa=X&ei=7UiJUJSmEortrQerlYGgAg&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNGAkBmD_34ir5J6WckoirYt6mxlvQ"
href="http://www.google.co.id/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://tfakhrizalspd.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/blood-cells-smear.gif?w=510&sa=X&ei=7UiJUJSmEortrQerlYGgAg&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNGAkBmD_34ir5J6WckoirYt6mxlvQ"
style='width:240pt;height:147.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\KELOMP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif"
o:title="blood-cells-smear"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2) The white
blood cells<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">White blood cells (leukocytes)
function in immune defense and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">body. Leukocytes will defend the
body against disease.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This function is supported by the
ability of leukocytes to move<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">amoeboid (such as Amoeba) and the
nature of phagocytosis (prey or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">consuming).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Based on the presence or absence of
granules in the cytoplasm,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">leukocytes are divided into
leukocytes not bergranula (agranulosit) and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">bergranula leukocytes
(granulocytes).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a) Agranulosit<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Agranulosit are leukocytes without
granules in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cytoplasm. There are two types of
agranulosit, ie lymphocytes and monocytes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lymphocytes are leukocytes that can
not move and have one<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">the cell nucleus. Lymphocyte
function in the form of antibodies. Lymphocyte-sized<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">between 8-14 μm. Monocytes are
larger than lymphocytes, which<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">14-19 μm. Monocytes have a heart
shaped like a kidney.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b) Granulocytes<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Granulocytes are leukocytes that
have granules in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cytoplasm. Based on the properties
of its granules, granulocytes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">divided into three, namely
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3) Platelet<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Platelets are also called
thrombocytes. Platelets form<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">round, oval, even irregularly
shaped. Platelets are not<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">has a core and smaller than
erythrocytes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The number of platelets in each
millimeter around 250000-400000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">cubic blood. Platelets can live for
eight days. Platelets<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">function in the process of blood
clotting. Regarding the role of platelets<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">in the clotting of blood, the matter
will be discussed further.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Blood
Clotting Mechanism<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Have you ever fallen off a bike and
hurt your knee? Wound<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">it will bleed. However, what happens
to the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">wound after a few days? The wound
will close and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When blood vessels are damaged or
cut off due to injury, blood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">will flow out of the blood vessels.
However, the blood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">will stop flowing out due to the
process of blood clotting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">How does the mechanism of blood
clotting?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">In blood plasma platelets are to be
broken if<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">touching the rough surface. If
platelets rupture, enzyme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">thromboplastin contains will come
out mixed with plasma<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood. In addition to platelets, in
blood plasma are protombin. Protombin will<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">enzyme is converted into thrombin by
thromboplastin. Changes protombin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a thrombin triggered by calcium ions
(Ca2 +). Protombin is a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">plasma protein formation requires
vitamin K.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Thrombin will serve as enzymes that
can alter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">fibrinogen into fibrin. Fibrinogen
is a protein contained<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">in plasma. The fibrin is a protein
in the form of threads<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">not soluble in plasma. Fibrin
threads that form will<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">interlocked so that the red blood
cells and their plasma will be netted<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">and forming clots. The new network
will be formed replacing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Clumps and wounds will close<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Blood and
Blood Transfusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Is your blood type? Do the same with
brothers or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">your sister? Blood group on each
person not necessarily the same. It is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">due to some blood groups in humans.
What are the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">in human blood type is?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Based on the composition and
aglutininnya aglutinogen, blood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Human blood can be divided into A,
B, AB, and O.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ABO blood classification discovered
by an expert immunologist Austria,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943). Blood
classification is based on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">aglutinogen the presence of two
types, namely aglutinogen aglutinogen A and B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aglutinogen and aglutinin is the
protein content in the blood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aglutinogen is a form of protein
antigen, whereas aglutinin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a protein such as an antibody.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">In addition to the ABO system, there
are other regional classifications, namely<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">system of rhesus (rh). The system is
based on the presence or absence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">rhesus aglutinogen in the blood.
Landsteiner discovered the system rh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">was on probation for Macaca rhesus macaques.
At rh system, if<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">person's blood contains the person
aglutinogen rhesus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">including positive rhesus (rh +). As
if it does not contain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">aglutinogen rhesus negative person
including rhesus (rh-).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ABO blood classification plays a
role in blood transfusion. Transfusion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood is the removal of blood from a
person's body into the body<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">others. The person receiving the
blood is called the recipient or recipients.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">As for those who give blood is
called the donor or donor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">It should be noted in a blood
transfusion is the kind of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">aglutinogen aglutinin donor and
recipient. Aglutinin have the ability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">to agglutinate erythrocytes. Thus,
if the donor aglutinogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mixed with aglutinin recipient,
recipient blood will clot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood donors were mixed in the
recipient's body will be treated as<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">antigen by the body. To give you a
better understanding of blood transfusion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">note<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Disorders
and Blood-Related Diseases<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">There are several disorders and
diseases associated with<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood. The disorder can be caused by
physiological factors and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">genetic factors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a. Anemia<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Anemia is a lack of hemoglobin in
the form of disease,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fe, and erythrocytes in the body.
Under normal circumstances, the Hb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Blood is 12-16 grams%. The number of
normal erythrocytes at 5.3 million /<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mm3 of blood. A person suffering
from anemia have symptoms of pallor,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">lethargy, headache, and menstrual
disorders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b. Leukemia<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">In leukemia, white blood cell
production exceeds normal limits. Case<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This is caused by the abnormal
growth of tissue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">produce blood cells. Leukemia can be
caused by a viral infection,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">exposed to radioactive rays, exposed
to chemicals, as well as hereditary factors<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Genetic). Patients with leukemia
have a characteristic pale, listless, fever, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">bleeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c. Thalassemia<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Thalassemia is a disease caused by
disruption<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">production of hemoglobin and
erythrocytes. Thalassemia is a disease<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">genetic or hereditary. Symptoms of
thalassemia varies greatly,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">include anemia, an enlarged spleen,
abnormal bone shapes, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">growth disorders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d. Sickle Cell
Anemia<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sickle cell anemia is a disease
characterized by the shape<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">red blood cells resembling a
crescent moon. Shaped red blood cells<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The crescent moon is easy to overlap
on the blood vessels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">As a result, the blood cells clog
blood vessels and occurs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">hemolysis (rupture). In addition,
the resulting lack of crescent shape<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">holding capacity for oxygen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-28943359894821770192013-03-04T01:06:00.003-08:002013-03-04T01:06:30.659-08:0010 KEBIASAAN TERBESAR YANG MENGHANCURKAN PIKIRAN <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tidak
menyantap sarapan pagi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Orang-orang
yang tidak mengonsumsi makan pagi akan mengalami kemerosotan kadar gula darah
dalam dirinya.kondisi ini menggiring kepada tidak adanya asupan makanan yang
cukup untuk sel-sel otak sehingga mengakibatkan tidak berfungsinya otak secara
optimal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terlalu
banyak mengonsumsi makanan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengonsumsi
makanan secara berlebihan menyebabkan penyumbatan pembuluh darah pada otak,
sehingga mengakibatkan berkurangnya kekuatan otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merokok.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merokok
menyebabkan pengerutan sel-sel otak yang mengakibatkan penyakit Alzheimer.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Banyak
mengonsumsi gula.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Banyak
mengonsumsi gula memaksa otak untuk menyerap protein & makanan yang
menyebabkan buruknya gizi bagi otak yang seringkali berbenturan dengan
pertumbuhan otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Polusi
udara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak adalah
komponen yang menghabiskan oksigen terbesar dalm tubuh kita, maka menghirup
udara yang terpolusi akan membahayakan otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Insomnia/kurang
tidur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tidur membantu
otak untuk beristirahat, sedangkan banyak begadang mempercepat kematian sel-sel
otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menutup
kepala ketika tidur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menutup kepala
bias menambah konsentrasi karbondioksida & mengurangi konsentrasi oksigen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Melakukan
kerja ketika sedang sakit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Melakukan kerja
yang berat / belajar ketika sakit bisa mengurangi efektivitas kerja otak,
sebagaimana dia juga berpengaruh negative padanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jarang
menggunakan otak untuk berpikir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berpikir adalah
jalan terbaik untuk melatih otak. Jarang menggunakannya untuk berpikir akan mengakibatkan pengerutan /
penyusutan sel-sel otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jarang
berbincang-bincang dengan orang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdialog &
bertukar pikiran dengan orang lain bisa membantu meningkatkan efektivitas kerja
otak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-64924883643923941092013-03-04T00:33:00.002-08:002013-03-04T00:33:54.527-08:00Kidney and Kidney Function<br />
<div style="background: #FEFEFE; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Kidney
is one organ of the human body are included in the excretory system, other
organs of the excretory system are the heart, lungs, and skin.In medicine the
kidneys called ‘ren’ (renal / kidney). Shaped like a kidney bean, numbered pair
and is located in the waist area. The size is approximately 11x 6x 3 cm. It
weighs between 120-170 grams.Kidney structure consists of: leather kidney
(cortex), kidney marrow (medulla) and renal cavity (pelvis). In the skin there
are millions of nephrons kidney that functions as a blood filter. Each nephron
is composed of the Board of Malpighi and the channel length (tubules) that
curled.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><span id="more-77"></span><br />
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Kidney Function<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">1. Filter and clean the blood of
substances the body metabolism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">2. Excrete excessive amounts of
substances<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">3. Reabsorption (re-absorption)
of certain electrolytes conducted by the renal tubules<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">4. Keeping keseimbanganan
acid-base in the human body<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">5. Hormones produce substances
that contribute to form and mature red blood cells (SDM) in the bone marrow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Urine Formation Process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">The kidneys play a role in the
formation of urine that occurs through a series of processes, ie filtering,
absorption and re-augmentation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">1. Filtering (filtration)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">The process of urine formation
begins with the filtration of blood that occurs in the glomerular capillaries.
Glomerular capillary cells are porous (podosit), pressure and high permeability
in the glomerulus facilitate the screening process.In addition to filtering,
also occurred in the re-absorption glomelurus blood cells, platelets, and most
of the plasma proteins.The result is called the glomerular filtration
glomerolus filtrate or primary urine, containing amino acids, glucose, sodium,
potassium, and other salts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">2. Re-absorption (reabsorption)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">The materials are still needed in
the urine will pimer reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule, distal
convoluted tubules while the addition of substances and residual urea.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Pervasive substance in these
tubules in two ways. Sugars and amino acids seep through diffusion events,
while the water through osmosis events. Water absorption occurs in the proximal
tubule and distal tubule.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Substances that are needed such
as glucose and amino acids returned to the blood. Substance ammonia, drugs such
as penicillin, excess salt and other materials in the filtrate removed with
urine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">After the tubular reabsorption of
the secondary will produce urine, substances that are needed will not be found
again. In contrast, the concentration of substances that are toxic waste
products increases, such as urea.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">3. Augmentation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Augmentation is the process of
adding the waste and urea from the distal convoluted tubule happening.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Of renal tubule-tububulus, urine
will head kidney cavity, next to the bladder through the bile duct. If you have
a full bladder contains urine, the bladder wall will be depressed so that the
resulting feeling the urge to urinate. Urine will come out through the urethra.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">The composition of urine is
expelled through the urethra is water, salt, urea and the rest of other
substances, such as bile pigment that gives color and smell function in urine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Abnormalities in the kidneys such
as kidney failure and kidney stones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">1. Kidney Failure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Kidney failure is a kidney
disorder in which the kidneys are unable to function properly the filter and
clean the blood of metabolic waste substances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Among the causes of kidney
failure caused by:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">1. Eating fatty foods<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">2. High blood cholesterol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">3. Lack of exercise<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">4. Smoking, and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">5. Drinking alcoholic beverages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Overcoming Kidney Failure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Advancement of science, allowing
renal function replaced. Replacement of Renal function is known as Replacement
Therapy (RRT) or renal replacement therapy (TPG).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">There are two ways of TPG, the
transplant / kidney transplant and dialysis / dialysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Dialysis / dialysis can be
divided into:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">1. HD (hemodialysis), dialysis
with the help of machines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">2. PD (peritoneal dialysis),
dialysis through abdominal cavity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">3. Kidney Stones<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Urine contains many minerals and
other chemicals. Urine not necessarily dissolve all that. If we are not
drinking or stop urinating frequently, these minerals can precipitate out and
form kidney stones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 18pt; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Kidney stones are crystals that
look like stones that form in the kidneys. The crystals are going to get
together and each attaches to the formation of “stones”. If urinary tract
stones clog the kidneys and bladder, urinary tract similar to humans because
strong kink the hose will withstand the urine can not get out. It would cause
great pain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02665493171166527257noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1445137145181507585.post-56852702695755296952013-03-03T23:02:00.005-08:002013-03-03T23:02:57.271-08:00Respiration in animals<br />
<div style="background: #FEFEFE; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Kind of –
kind of a respirator in animals are: lungs – lungs, gills, skin, and trachea.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">1. <b>Respiratory Equipment on
Birds</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Birds breathe with lungs – lungs.
Birds have a breathing apparatus that purse – purse<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">(Bag) of air. Purse – purse handy
to keep the air conditioning on when flying. Process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Respiratory birds are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Nose, throat, purses – purses of
air, lungs – lungs. When the birds flew from respiratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">air stored in the pot – pot air,
and when the birds do not fill pot – pot<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">air.</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><span id="more-85"></span><br />
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<b><span style="color: #333333;">2. Reptile<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Reptiles (snakes, alligators,
lizards, lizards and crocodiles) bernnapas the lungs – lungs. Air enters
through<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">nose and then go into the
windpipe and into the lungs – lungs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<b><span style="color: #333333;">3. Amphibians (frogs)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Include frog metamorphosis: egg,
tadpole (tadpole), a young frog and adult frogs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Tadpoles breathe with gills.
Young frog and adult frogs breathe with lungs – lungs and skin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<b><span style="color: #333333;">4. Fish<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Fish breathe with gills,
amounting to four pairs. The fish has a swim bladder<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">useful as a store of oxygen and
regulating movement up and down.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">For fish that living in a place
that is less water (mud) has folds – the folds of the gills called<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">maze. The labyrinth can store
oxygen reserves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<b><span style="color: #333333;">5. Insect<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Insects breathe by trachea. The
trachea is a tube – a branched capillaries<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">meet all the body parts of
insects and lead to stigma. Stigma is a hole located<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">on the side of the left-right
body. Stigma serves as the exit point of the air.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<b><span style="color: #333333;">6. Worms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">Worms do not mampunyai special
breathing apparatus, worms breathe through their skin surface<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">wet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<b><span style="color: #333333;">7. Mammals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">All mammals, both terrestrial and
aquatic mammals mammals breathe with lungs – lungs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">A dolphin – dolphins and whales
emit head to the surface to breathe air and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">after a long dive back to the
surface to breathe and warm moist air from the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 18pt 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333;">lungs – lungs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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